{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:56:18Z","timestamp":1791860178878,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Signs of impaired thiamine (vitamin B1) status in feeding-migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were studied in three Baltic Sea areas, which differ in the proportion and nutritional composition of prey fish sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus). The concentration of n\u22123 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n\u22123 PUFAs) increased in salmon with dietary lipids and n\u22123 PUFAs, and the hepatic peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased exponentially with increasing n\u22123 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n\u22123) concentration, whereas hepatic total thiamine concentration, a sensitive indicator of thiamine status, decreased with the increase in both body lipid and n\u22123 PUFA or DHA concentration. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was suppressed by high dietary lipids. In salmon muscle and in prey fish, the proportion of thiamine pyrophosphate increased, and that of free thiamine decreased, with increasing body lipid content or PUFAs, or merely DHA. The thiamine status of salmon was impaired mainly due to the peroxidation of n\u22123 PUFAs, whereas lipids as a source of metabolic energy had less effect. Organochlorines or general oxidative stress did not affect the thiamine status. The amount of lipids, and, specifically, their long-chain n\u22123 PUFAs, are thus responsible for generating thiamine deficiency, and not a prey fish species per se.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:22:14Z","timestamp":1648675334000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High Lipid Content of Prey Fish and n\u22123 PUFA Peroxidation Impair the Thiamine Status of Feeding-Migrating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Is Reflected in Hepatic Biochemical Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4215-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja","family":"Kein\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources, Fisheries and Fish Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soili","family":"Nikonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"K\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Ritvanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervi","family":"Rokka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Myllyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources, Fisheries and Fish Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), It\u00e4inen Pitk\u00e4katu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"P\u00f6nni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources, Fisheries and Fish Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8385-3695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka J.","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources, Fisheries and Fish Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Its history, present situation and future","volume":"10","author":"Karlsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dana"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2016.12.002","article-title":"Review of organohalogen toxicants in fish from the Gulf of Finland","volume":"171","author":"Vuorinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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