{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:43:59Z","timestamp":1784259839722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various disease-associated forms or strains of \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1SynD) can spread and accumulate in a prion-like fashion during synucleinopathies such as Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). This capacity for self-propagation has enabled the development of seed amplification assays (SAAs) that can detect \u03b1SynD in clinical samples. Notably, \u03b1-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assays have evolved as ultrasensitive, specific, and relatively practical methods for detecting \u03b1SynD in a variety of biospecimens including brain tissue, CSF, skin, and olfactory mucosa from synucleinopathy patients. However, \u03b1Syn SAAs still lack concordance in detecting MSA and familial forms of PD\/DLB, and the assay parameters show poor correlations with various clinical measures. End-point dilution analysis in \u03b1Syn RT-QuIC assays allows for the quantitation of relative amounts of \u03b1SynD seeding activity that may correlate moderately with clinical measures and levels of other biomarkers. Herein, we review recent advancements in \u03b1-synuclein SAAs for detecting \u03b1SynD and describe in detail the modified Spearman\u2013Karber quantification algorithm used with end-point dilutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T21:44:06Z","timestamp":1649972646000},"page":"576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["RT-QuIC and Related Assays for Detecting and Quantifying Prion-like Pathological Seeds of \u03b1-Synuclein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ankit","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvez","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Caughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00501-z","article-title":"Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of Synucleinopathies","volume":"16","author":"Koga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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