{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T10:14:01Z","timestamp":1768126441913,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of immune-mediated alopecia. Recent studies have suggested microRNAs\u2019 (miRNAs) implication in several cellular processes, including epidermal and hair follicle biology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modify gene expression levels, which may induce an autoimmune response. This case\u2013control study included 480 participants (240 for each case\/control group). MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) rs2666433A\/G variant was genotyped using real-time allelic discrimination polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, circulatory miR-34a levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). On comparing between alopecia and non-alopecia cohorts, a higher frequency of A variant was noted among patients when compared to controls\u2014A allele: 28 versus 18% (p &lt; 0.001); A\/A genotype: 9 versus 2%; A\/G genotype: 39 versus 32% (p &lt; 0.001). A\/A and A\/G carriers were more likely to develop alopecia under heterozygote comparison (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.14\u20132.93), homozygote comparison (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.33\u201313.1), dominant (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.27\u20133.15), recessive (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.08\u201310.48), over-dominant (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04\u201332.63), and log additive (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.3\u20132.82) models. Serum miR-34a expression levels were upregulated in alopecia patients with a median and quartile fold change of 27.3 (1.42\u20132430). Significantly higher levels were more pronounced in A\/A genotype patients (p &lt; 0.01). Patients carrying the heterozygote genotype (rs2666433 * A\/G) were two times more likely to develop more severe disease grades. Stratified analysis by sex revealed the same results. A high expression level was associated with concomitant autoimmune comorbidities (p = 0.001), in particular SLE (p = 0.007) and vitiligo (p = 0.049). In conclusion, the MIR34A rs2666433 (A\/G) variant is associated with AA risk and severity in the studied population. Furthermore, high miR-34a circulatory levels could play a role in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T22:07:26Z","timestamp":1650406046000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hair Follicle-Related MicroRNA-34a Serum Expression and rs2666433A\/G Variant in Patients with Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4038-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shymaa Ahmed","family":"Maher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nader Ali","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9267-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman A.","family":"Toraih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa H.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawal S.","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal H. A.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1252-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal S.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghada M.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00402","article-title":"Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation","volume":"9","author":"Hayder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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