{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:22:14Z","timestamp":1769833334745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was supported by the Medical University of Silesia grant no KNW-1-064\/N\/8\/O.","award":["KNW-1-064\/N\/8\/O."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNW-1-064\/N\/8\/O."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rehabilitation in osteoarthritis (OA) patients aims to reduce joint pain and stiffness, preserve or improve joint mobility, and improve patients\u2019 quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of the 21-day individually adjusted general rehabilitation program in 36 OA patients 90 days after hip or knee replacement on selected interleukins (IL) and cytokines using the Bio-Plex\u00ae Luminex\u00ae system. Serum concentrations of almost all selected anti\/pro-inflammatory markers: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, and of some chemokines: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1\u03b1\/CCL3), and RANTES\/CCL5, and of eotaxin-1\/CCL11, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increased, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF basic) significantly decreased after the 21-day general rehabilitation. The levels of interferon-\u03b3 induced protein 10 (IP-10), MIP-1\u03b2\/CCL4, macrophage\/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1\/CCL2 (MCAF)), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) remained unchanged. There were no changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and IL-12 (p70)) after the 21-day general rehabilitation, indicating the stable and controlled inflammatory status of osteoarthritis patients. Significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors after 21 days of moderate physical activity confirm the beneficial outcome of the applied therapy. The increased level of IL-6 after the rehabilitation may reflect its anti-inflammatory effect in osteoarthritis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T22:07:26Z","timestamp":1650406046000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effects of 21-Day General Rehabilitation after Hip or Knee Surgical Implantation on Plasma Levels of Selected Interleukins, VEGF, TNF-\u03b1, PDGF-BB, and Eotaxin-1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maciej","family":"Idzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Public Health Care, Opole Cancer Center Prof. Tadeusz Koszarowski, Katowicka 45-061 Street, 46-020 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Poloczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, 3rd Specialist Hospital in Rybnik, Energetyk\u00f3w 46 Street, 44-200 Rybnik, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3232-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronis\u0142awa","family":"Skrzep-Poloczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Dr\u00f3\u017cd\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0111-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Che\u0142mecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenon","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Jochem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Stygar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-017-1361-x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect as a mechanism of effectiveness underlying the clinical benefits of pelotherapy in osteoarthritis patients: Regulation of the altered inflammatory and stress feedback response","volume":"61","author":"Ortega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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