{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:48:23Z","timestamp":1790660903360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/09490-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/09490-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/08684-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/08684-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/12986-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/12986-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPQ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["142188\/2017-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142188\/2017-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin acts to synchronize the parasite\u2019s intraerythrocytic cycle by triggering the phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-IP3) signaling cascade. Compounds with an indole scaffold impair in vitro proliferation of blood-stage malaria parasites, indicating that this class of compounds is potentially emerging antiplasmodial drugs. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the alkyl and aryl thiol moieties of 14 synthetic indole compounds against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Four compounds (3, 26, 18, 21) inhibited the growth of P. falciparum (3D7) by 50% at concentrations below 20 \u00b5M. A set of 2-sulfenylindoles also showed activity against Dd2 parasites. Our data suggest that Dd2 parasites are more susceptible to compounds 20 and 28 than 3D7 parasites. These data show that 2-sulfenylindoles are promising antimalarials against chloroquine-resistant parasite strains. We also evaluated the effects of the 14 compounds on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain and their ability to interfere with the effect of 100 nM melatonin on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain. Our results showed that compounds 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, and 20 slightly increased the effect of melatonin by increasing parasitemia by 8\u201320% compared with that of melatonin-only-treated 3D7 parasites. Moreover, we found that melatonin modulates the expression of kinase-related signaling components giving additional evidence to investigate inhibitors that can block melatonin signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1650973555000},"page":"638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Decoding the Role of Melatonin Structure on Plasmodium falciparum Human Malaria Parasites Synchronization Using 2-Sulfenylindoles Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lenna Rosanie Cordero","family":"Mallaupoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2310-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara Karina de Menezes","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneesh Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute Isabel","family":"Honorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myna","family":"Nakabashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila de Menezes","family":"Kisukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excel\u00eancia para Pesquisa em Qu\u00edmica Sustent\u00e1vel (CERSusChem), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Weber","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excel\u00eancia para Pesquisa em Qu\u00edmica Sustent\u00e1vel (CERSusChem), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia R. 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