{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:08:53Z","timestamp":1792080533659,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica","award":["07_DG_2022_05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07_DG_2022_05"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica","award":["RM11916B84D24429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11916B84D24429"]}]},{"name":"intramural \u201cDISCAB\u201d","award":["07_DG_2022_05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07_DG_2022_05"]}]},{"name":"intramural \u201cDISCAB\u201d","award":["RM11916B84D24429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11916B84D24429"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Corrente\u201d","award":["07_DG_2022_05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07_DG_2022_05"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Corrente\u201d","award":["RM11916B84D24429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11916B84D24429"]}]},{"name":"Ateneo Project (Sapienza University)","award":["07_DG_2022_05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07_DG_2022_05"]}]},{"name":"Ateneo Project (Sapienza University)","award":["RM11916B84D24429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM11916B84D24429"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the endocannabinoid system has attracted growing attention from the scientific community for its involvement in homeostatic and pathological processes as they pertains to human physiology. Among the constituents of the endocannabinoid system, the molecule palmitoyl ethanolamide has particularly been studied for its ability to reduce several inflammatory processes involving the central nervous system. Here, we reviewed published literature and summarized the main targets of the palmitoyl ethanolamide, along with its unique possible mechanisms for restoring correct functioning of the central nervous system. Moreover, we have highlighted a less-known characteristic of palmitoyl ethanolamide, namely its ability to modulate the function of the neuromuscular junction by binding to acetylcholine receptors in different experimental conditions. Indeed, there are several studies that have highlighted how ultra-micronized palmitoyl ethanolamide is an interesting nutraceutical support for the treatment of pathological neuromuscular conditions, specifically when the normal activity of the acetylcholine receptor is altered. Although further multicentric clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of ultra-micronized palmitoyl ethanolamide in improving symptoms of neuromuscular diseases, all the literature reviewed here strongly supports the ability of this endocannabinoid-like molecule to modulate the acetylcholine receptors thus resulting as a valid support for the treatment of human neuromuscular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1653814251000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Classical and Unexpected Effects of Ultra-Micronized PEA in Neuromuscular Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pierangelo","family":"Cifelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ruffolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8897-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ceccanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cambieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Libonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Inghilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01972748","article-title":"A proposed autacoid mechanism controlling mastocyte behaviour","volume":"39","author":"Aloe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.08.019","article-title":"N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamine and its biological functions in mammals","volume":"1831","author":"Wellner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. 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