{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:47:28Z","timestamp":1765039648734,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["764604","848261","GNP-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764604","848261","GNP-182"]}]},{"name":"GENDER-Net Co-Plus Fund","award":["764604","848261","GNP-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764604","848261","GNP-182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High comorbidity rates, especially mental\u2013physical comorbidity, constitute an increasing health care burden, with women and men being differentially affected. To gain an overview of comorbidity rates stratified by sex across a range of different conditions, this study examines comorbidity patterns within and between cardiovascular, pulmonary, skin, endocrine, digestive, urogenital, musculoskeletal, neurological diseases, and psychiatric conditions. Self-report data from the LifeGene cohort of 31,825 participants from the general Swedish population (62.5% female, 18\u201384 years) were analyzed. Pairwise comorbidity rates of 54 self-reported conditions in women and men and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for their comparison were calculated. Overall, the rate of pairwise disease combinations with significant comorbidity was higher in women than men (14.36% vs. 9.40%). Among psychiatric conditions, this rate was considerably high, with 41.76% in women and 39.01% in men. The highest percentages of elevated mental\u2013physical comorbidity in women were found for musculoskeletal diseases (21.43%), digestive diseases (20.71%), and skin diseases (13.39%); in men, for musculoskeletal diseases (14.29%), neurological diseases (11.22%), and digestive diseases (10%). Implications include the need for integrating mental and physical health care services and a shift from a disease-centered to an individualized, patient-centered focus in clinical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12070949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T09:41:10Z","timestamp":1657100470000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sex Differences in Comorbidity Combinations in the Swedish Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Basso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8140-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Boecking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Bioengineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Brueggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Cederroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"},{"name":"Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Department, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.05.003","article-title":"Evidence on Multimorbidity from Definition to Intervention: An Overview of Systematic Reviews","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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