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In this study, miRNAs in the skeletal muscle of normal and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) neonatal piglets were identified by sequencing, and canonical miRNAs were functionally validated in vitro. A total of 403 miRNAs were identified in neonatal piglet skeletal muscle, among them 30 and 46 miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated in IUGR pigs, respectively. Upregulated miRNAs were mainly enriched in propanoate metabolism, endocytosis, beta-Alanine metabolism, gap junction, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. Down-regulated miRNAs were mainly enriched in chemical carcinogenesis\u2014receptor activation, endocytosis, MAPK signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Co-expression network analysis of umbilical cord blood and skeletal muscle miRNAs showed that the miR-29 family is an essential regulator of IUGR pigs. The dual-luciferase reporter system showed that IGF1 and CCND1 were target genes of the miR-29 family. Transfection of IUGR pig umbilical cord blood exosomes and miR-29a mimic significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted the expression of cellular protein degradation marker genes Fbxo32 and Trim63. In summary, these results enrich the regulatory network of miRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development in IUGR animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T21:22:56Z","timestamp":1661721776000},"page":"1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MiR-29a Family as a Key Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Dysplasia in a Porcine Model of Intrauterine Growth Retardation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9900-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mailin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2017-050","article-title":"Intrauterine growth retardation promotes fetal intestinal autophagy in rats via the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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