{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T15:32:02Z","timestamp":1775835122824,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHE 1663\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHE 1663\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss with global importance. The current treatment of choice for patients with hearing problems is a hearing aid or a cochlear implant. However, there is currently no treatment to restore physiological hearing. The development of preventive drugs is currently the focus of hearing research. In order to test the efficacy of a drug, the active ingredient has to be applied at reliable concentrations over a period of time. Osmotic minipumps can provide local drug delivery into the perilymph. Combined with a cochlear implant or a tube, the implantation of the pumps may lead to increased hearing thresholds. Such surgery-related threshold shifts complicate the examination of other factors, such as noise. The aim of the present study was to develop an animal model for the examination of substances that potentially prevent NIHL. For this purpose, six male guinea pigs were unilaterally implanted with a silicon catheter with a hook-shaped microcannula at its tip, attached to an artificial perilymph containing osmotic minipump. One week after surgery, the animals were exposed to four hours of a musical piece, presented at 120 dB SPL, to induce a threshold shift. The implantation of the hook-delivery device caused a moderate threshold shift that allows to detect an additional noise-induced temporary threshold shift. This method enables to investigate drug effects delivered prior to the noise insult in order to establish a preventive strategy against noise-induced temporary threshold shifts. The established drug delivery approach allows the release of drugs into the inner ear in a known concentration and for a known duration. This provides a scientific tool for basic research on drug effects in normal hearing animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:07:43Z","timestamp":1665187663000},"page":"1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Local Long-Term Inner Ear Drug Delivery in Normal Hearing Guinea Pig\u2014An Animal Model to Develop Preventive Treatment for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Malfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Baumhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology and Department of Experimental Otology, ENT Clinics, Stadtfelddamm 34, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lenarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, German Research Foundation (DFG; \u201cDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\u201d), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d, German Research Foundation (DFG; \u201cDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\u201d), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373310","article-title":"Degeneration Behaviour of the Cochlear Nerve","volume":"200","author":"Spoendlin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch. 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