{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:33:41Z","timestamp":1787027621464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leading Research Groups Support Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a selective and reversible immunosuppressant agent that is widely used as a medication for a wide spectrum of diseases in humans such as graft versus host disease, non-infectious uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, the CsA is used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca, chronic superficial keratitis, immune-mediated keratitis and equine recurrent uveitis in animals. The selective activity of Cyclosporine A (CsA) was demonstrated to be an immunomodulation characteristic of T-lymphocyte proliferation and inhibits cytokine gene expression. Moreover, the lipophilic characteristics with poor bioavailability and low solubility in water, besides the side effects, force the need to develop new formulations and devices that will provide adequate penetration into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. This review aims to summarize the effectiveness and safety of cyclosporine A delivery platforms in veterinary ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T20:35:55Z","timestamp":1666298155000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cyclosporine A Delivery Platform for Veterinary Ophthalmology\u2014A New Concept for Advanced Ophthalmology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Martyna","family":"Padjasek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, The University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badr","family":"Qasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, The University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cis\u0142o-Pakuluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, The University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Marycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, The University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Cyclosporine in transplantation\u2013A history of converging timelines","volume":"25","author":"Colombo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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