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Baseline serum levels of VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), VLDL triglycerides (VLDL-TG), VLDL phospholipids (VLDL-PL), and VLDL apolipoprotein B (VLDL-apoB) were measured using NMR spectroscopy. We calculated the ratios of the respective VLDL lipids and VLDL apoB (VLDL-C\/VLDL-apoB, VLDL-TG\/VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-PL\/VLDL-apoB), as estimators of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid content of VLDL particles and tested their association with mortality. Out of 315 AHF patients, 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Univariable Cox regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association of VLDL-C\/VLDL-apoB (hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29\u20130.64, p &lt; 0.001), VLDL-TG\/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.88, p &lt; 0.001), and VLDL-PL\/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25\u20130.56, p &lt; 0.001) with 1 year mortality. Of the tested parameters, only VLDL-C\/VLDL-apoB remained significant after adjustment for age and sex, as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters that showed a significant association with 1 year mortality in the univariable analyses. We conclude that cholesterol content of circulating VLDL (VLDL-C\/VLDL-apoB) might be of prognostic value in AHF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T20:43:50Z","timestamp":1666557830000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cholesterol Content of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins Is Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vesna","family":"Degoricija","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva","family":"Klobu\u010dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Poto\u010dnjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanda","family":"Dokoza Tere\u0161ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Vidovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Pregartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5187-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Berghold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansj\u00f6rg","family":"Habisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Madl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.3.344","article-title":"Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population","volume":"292","author":"Roger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1167","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"69","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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