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Defects in the immune system might be one of the factors that promote endometriosis progression. For example, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with endometriosis. Interferon is one of the cytokines that is elevated in endometriotic tissues compared with normal endometrium. Therefore, high interferon levels play a crucial role in endometriosis progression. In addition to endometriosis, however, interferon has a critical role in endometrial function, particularly in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy. Therefore, this review describes the double-edged sword of interferon signaling in normal endometrial function versus endometriosis progression and also discusses interferon targeting as a new nonhormonal therapy for endometriosis. This approach may increase the efficacy of endometriosis treatment and reduce the adverse effects associated with current hormonal therapy for this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Interferon Signaling in the Endometrium and in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"382","author":"Zondervan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00191-X","article-title":"Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities","volume":"68","author":"Nisolle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil. 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