{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T06:40:19Z","timestamp":1785220819934,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["603049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["603049"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["PI15\/00181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00181"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad-ISCiii","award":["603049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["603049"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad-ISCiii","award":["PI15\/00181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00181"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad-ISCiii","award":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["603049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["603049"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["PI15\/00181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00181"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERIS SLT002\/16\/00445"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cause of structural valve deterioration (SVD) is unclear. Therefore, we investigated oxidative stress markers in sera from patients with bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) and their association with SVD. Blood samples were taken from SVD (Phase A) and BHV patients during the first 24 (Phase B1) and &gt;48 months (Phase B2) after BHV implantation to assess total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrotyrosine (NT). The results show that MDA levels increased significantly 1 month after surgery in all groups but were higher at 6 months only in incipient SVD patients. NT levels increased gradually for the first 24 months after implantation in the BHV group. Patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) showed even higher levels of stress markers. After &gt;48 months, MDA and NT continued to increase in BHV patients with a further elevation after 60\u201372 months; however, these levels were significantly lower in the incipient and established SVD groups. In conclusion, oxidative stress may play a significant role in SVD, increasing early after BHV implantation, especially in TAVI cases, and also after 48 months\u2019 follow-up, but decreasing when SVD develops. Oxidative stress potentially represents a target of therapeutic intervention and a biomarker of BHV dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T23:26:32Z","timestamp":1667258792000},"page":"1606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oxidative Stress in Structural Valve Deterioration: A Longitudinal Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0888-976X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gali\u00f1anes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron (HUVH)-ICS, Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Cas\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnau","family":"Blasco-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron (HUVH)-ICS, Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Permanyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron (HUVH)-ICS, Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quironsalud Teknon Heart Institute, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"M\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Le Tourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CIC 1413, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1677-9851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Barquinero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene and Cell Therapy, VHIR, UAB, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Simo","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Drug Delivery and Targeting, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d`Hebron Hospital Barcelona Campus, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7299-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomaso","family":"Bottio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thorac Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Christian","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, 44007 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imen","family":"Fellah-Hebia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CIC 1413, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"S\u00e9nage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CIC 1413, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Biostatistics Department, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi P.","family":"Badano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, 55100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ruiz-Majoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantea and Fondazione Avantea Onlus, 26100 Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Padler-Karavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Soulillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Transplantation\u2013Urologie\u2013N\u00e9phrologie, INSERM Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUGH-ICS, 08001 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.778886","article-title":"Prosthetic heart valves: Selection of the optimal prosthesis and long-term management","volume":"119","author":"Pibarot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.08.086","article-title":"Structural valve deterioration of bioprosthetic aortic valves: An understimated complication","volume":"157","author":"Gillaizeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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