{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:07:54Z","timestamp":1790676474300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical sequelae and symptoms for a considerable number of COVID-19 patients can linger for months beyond the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection, \u201clong COVID\u201d. Among the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cognitive issues (especially memory loss or \u201cbrain fog\u201d), chronic fatigue, myalgia, and muscular weakness resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) are of importance. Melatonin may be particularly effective at reducing the signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its functions as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulatory agent. Melatonin is also a chronobiotic medication effective in treating delirium and restoring the circadian imbalance seen in COVID patients in the intensive care unit. Additionally, as a cytoprotector, melatonin aids in the prevention of several COVID-19 comorbidities, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review discusses the application of melatonin as a neuroprotective agent to control cognitive deterioration (\u201cbrain fog\u201d) and pain in the ME\/CFS syndrome-like documented in long COVID. Further studies on the therapeutic use of melatonin in the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:46:43Z","timestamp":1667908003000},"page":"1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Possible Application of Melatonin in Long COVID"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Cardinali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seithikurippu R.","family":"Pandi-Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 09). 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