{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:30:01Z","timestamp":1793673001154,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000308","name":"British Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["216384282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["216384282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several therapeutically active molecules are poorly water-soluble, thereby creating a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to develop an active solution for their oral drug delivery. This study aimed to investigate the potential for novel polymer-surfactant-based formulations (designated A and B) to improve the solubility and permeability of curcumin. A solubility study and characterization studies (FTIR, DSC and XRD) were conducted for the various formulations. The cytotoxicity of formulations and commercial comparators was tested via MTT and LDH assays, and their permeability by in vitro drug transport and cellular drug uptake was established using the Caco-2 cell model. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) are considered a good indicator of drug permeation. However, it can be argued that the magnitude of Papp, when used to reflect the permeability of the cells to the drug, can be influenced by the initial drug concentration (C0) in the donor chamber. Therefore, Papp (suspension) and Papp (solution) were calculated based on the different values of C0. It was clear that Papp (solution) can more accurately reflect drug permeation than Papp (suspension). Formulation A, containing Soluplus\u00ae and vitamin E TPGs, significantly increased the permeation and cellular uptake of curcumin compared to other samples, which is believed to be related to the increased aqueous solubility of the drug in this formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1669254416000},"page":"1739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Increasing Cellular Uptake and Permeation of Curcumin Using a Novel Polymer-Surfactant Formulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhenqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison B.","family":"Lansley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu Ngoc","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananth S.","family":"Pannala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102082","article-title":"Recent developments in formulation design for improving oral bioavailability of curcumin: A review","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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