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They are amphipathic peptides with two conserved cysteine residues stabilizing a central \u03b2-hairpin that is understood to be the core region for their biological activities. In this study, we synthetized three linear (cysteine-free) peptides based on the amino acid sequence of the central \u03b2-hairpin of the newly identified shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ALFs from groups E to G. Unlike whole mature ALFs, the ALF-derived peptides exhibited an \u03b1-helix secondary structure. In vitro assays revealed that the synthetic peptides display a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi but not against the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania (L.) infantum. Remarkably, they displayed synergistic effects and showed the ability to permeabilize bacterial membranes, a mechanism of action of classical AMPs. Having shown low cytotoxicity to THP-1 human cells and being active against clinical multiresistant bacterial isolates, these nature-inspired peptides represent an interesting class of bioactive molecules with biotechnological potential for the development of novel therapeutics in medical sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T04:59:58Z","timestamp":1673413198000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antimicrobial Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of Linear Alpha-Helical Peptides Inspired by Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3744-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Machado","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0556-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Garcia-Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Pimentel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica e Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo Biotecnolog\u00eda Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Oliveira","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Hermes","family":"Stoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6444-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne Antunes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4108-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marciel Jo\u00e3o","family":"Stadnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88034-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Robl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biotechnological Processes, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane Maria","family":"Perazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael 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