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Anti-tumor immunotherapy has made great progress in increasing the overall survival of patients. However, many physiological barriers cause low bioavailability of drugs. Cell membranes are becoming increasingly prevalent for assisting drug delivery because of the significant benefits of avoiding host cell barriers. Herein, B16F10 cell membranes (BFMs) were prepared in this study. BFMs could not only act as antigens but also serve as vesicles for vaccines. To trigger potent immunity, BFMs must be taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) and combined with adjuvants to make BFMs overcome the immune tolerance. To avoid circulating BFMs into tumors and quickly internalized by DCs after subcutaneously injection, the antigen-cell penetrating fusion peptide WT(YGRKKRRQRSRRYVDFFVWL) was used to modify BFMs. Additionally, a low dosage of paclitaxel (PTX) can activate DCs via toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). Therefore, we developed PTX-loaded micelles using Pluronic\u00ae F127. Then, WT-modified BFMs (WT-BFMs) were coated F127-PTX to yield WT-BFMs\/ F127-PTX. Optimized WT-BFMs\/F127-PTX promoted the cellular uptake and showed remarkable efficacy in eliciting robust antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1673836195000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multifunctional Modified Tumor Cell Membranes-Coated Adjuvant PTX against Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enshuang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingsen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China"},{"name":"Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.06.020","article-title":"Natural melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"59","author":"Hood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. 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Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110298","article-title":"Cell membrane-coated nanosized active targeted drug delivery systems homing to tumor cells: A review","volume":"106","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1801754","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801754","article-title":"Light-Triggered Biomimetic Nanoerythrocyte for Tumor-Targeted Lung Metastatic Combination Therapy of Malignant Melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01251-w","article-title":"Nanocarriers surface engineered with cell membranes for cancer targeted chemotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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