{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:49:42Z","timestamp":1765295382697,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lions Cancer Research Fund"},{"name":"Selanders Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The expression patterns of IDO1 and PD-L2 have not been thoroughly investigated in benign lymphadenopathies. The aim with this study was to elucidate how IDO1 and PD-L2 are expressed in benign lymphadenopathies in patients with autoimmune diseases (AD) compared to patients without AD. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 22 patients with AD and 57 patients without AD were immunohistochemically stained to detect IDO1 and PD-L2. The material was previously stained with EBER in situ hybridization to detect cells harboring the Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV). IDO1 and PD-L2 were generally expressed by leukocytes to low degrees, while follicular IDO1+ cells were very rare. IDO1+ cells in single germinal centers were detected in five patients, and there was a high co-occurrence of follicular EBV+ cells in these cases (three of five patients). There were also significant correlations between interfollicular EBV+ cells and interfollicular IDO1+ cells (Spearman rho = 0.32, p = 0.004) and follicular IDO1+ cells (Spearman rho = 0.34, p = 0.004). High or low amounts of IDO1+ or PD-L2+ cells were not statistically significantly associated with patients with AD. However, the lymphadenopathy with the highest amount of interfollicular IDO1+ cells, which was also the only lymphadenopathy in which endothelial cells expressed IDO1, was in a patient with sarcoidosis. This study further supports that the EBV induces the expression of IDO1 and our findings should be recognized by future studies on IDO1 and PD-L2 in inflammatory and malignant conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T04:31:27Z","timestamp":1675053087000},"page":"240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of IDO1 and PD-L2 in Patients with Benign Lymphadenopathies and Association with Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maysaa","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lindskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Precision Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.176","article-title":"Benign lymphadenopathies","volume":"26","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod. 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