{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:58Z","timestamp":1760147458094,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can be associated with chylomicronemia syndrome (CS). Currently, no study has explored the differences between non-CS-associated AP and CS-associated AP in terms of gene expression. Transcriptomic profiles of blood samples from patients with AP were retrieved from GSE194331 (non-CS-associated) and GSE149607 (CS-associated). GSE31568 was used to examine the linkage between non-CS-associated AP and the expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, a gene regulatory network was constructed, and hub genes were defined. Subsequently, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) scores of hub genes were calculated to represent their regulatory-level activity. A total of 1851 shared DEGs were identified between non-CS-associated and CS-associated AP. Neutrophils were significantly enriched in both conditions. In non-CS-associated AP, miRNAs including hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-146a, and hsa-miR-106a demonstrated a lower expression level as compared with the healthy control. Furthermore, the expression patterns and regulatory activities were largely opposite between non-CS-associated and CS-associated AP, with significantly lower estimated neutrophils in the latter case. In summary, we found that the regulation of neutrophils was altered in AP. There was a different gene expression pattern and lower estimated neutrophil infiltration in CS-associated AP. Whether these findings are clinically significant requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1675389928000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioinformatic Analyses of Peripheral Blood Transcriptome Identify Altered Neutrophil-Related Pathway and Different Transcriptomic Profiles for Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with and without Chylomicronemia Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Lun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Hong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.063","article-title":"Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2018","volume":"156","author":"Peery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.065","article-title":"AGA Institute Technical Review on Acute Pancreatitis","volume":"132","author":"Forsmark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.6.649","article-title":"Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver and Pancreatic Disease in the United States","volume":"168","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. 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