{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1790683209490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Special Project of Disciplinary Development","award":["31771318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771318"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Superior Discipline Group of Physical Education and Health Promotion","award":["31771318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771318"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year-Plan Advantageous and Characteristic Disciplines (Groups) of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province for Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["31771318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771318"]}]},{"name":"Chutian Scholar Program and Innovative Start-Up Foundation from Wuhan Sports University","award":["31771318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771318"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The deposition of amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) plaques in the brain is one of the primary pathological characteristics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). It can take place 20\u201330 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. The imbalance between the production and the clearance of A\u03b2 is one of the major causes of AD. Enhancing A\u03b2 clearance at an early stage is an attractive preventive and therapeutic strategy of AD. Direct inhibition of A\u03b2 production and aggregation using small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibody drugs has not yielded satisfactory efficacy in clinical trials for decades. Novel approaches are required to understand and combat A\u03b2 deposition. Neurological dysfunction is a complex process that integrates the functions of different types of cells in the brain. The role of non-neurons in AD has not been fully elucidated. An in-depth understanding of the interactions between neurons and non-neurons can contribute to the elucidation of A\u03b2 formation and the identification of effective drug targets. AD patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) contain complete disease background information and have the potential to differentiate into various types of neurons and non-neurons in vitro, which may bring new insight into the treatment of AD. Here, we systematically review the latest studies on A\u03b2 clearance and clarify the roles of cell interactions among microglia, astroglia and neurons in response to A\u03b2 plaques, which will be beneficial to explore methods for reconstructing AD disease models using inducible PSCs (iPSCs) through cell differentiation techniques and validating the applications of models in understanding the formation of A\u03b2 plaques. This review may provide the most promising directions of finding the clues for preventing and delaying the development of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1675825305000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The Amyloid-Beta Clearance: From Molecular Targets to Glial and Neural Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8191-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09203-5","article-title":"Cognitive changes of older adults with an equivocal amyloid load","volume":"266","author":"Pothier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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