{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:25:58Z","timestamp":1787289958647,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune disorders and some types of blood cancer originate when B lymphocytes malfunction. In particular, when B cells produce antibodies recognizing the body\u2019s proteins, it leads to various autoimmune disorders. Additionally, when B cells of various developmental stages transform into cancer cells, it results in blood cancers, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Thus, new methods of targeting B cells are required for various patient groups. Here, we used protein kinase inhibitors alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, entrectinib, and lorlatinib previously approved as drugs treating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung cancer cells. We hypothesized that the same inhibitors will efficiently target leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK)-positive, actively protein-secreting mature B lymphocytes, including plasma cells. We isolated CD19-positive human B cells from the blood of healthy donors and used two alternative methods to stimulate cell maturation toward plasma cells. Using cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays, we found that ceritinib and entrectinib eliminate plasma cells from B cell populations. Alectinib, brigatinib, and crizotinib also inhibited B cell proliferation, while lorlatinib had no or limited effect on B cells. More generally, we concluded that several drugs previously developed to treat ALK-positive malignant cells can be also used to treat LTK-positive B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:23:36Z","timestamp":1677468216000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["RETRACTED: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Target B Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6312-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki","family":"Upfold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlo","family":"Petakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3141-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kamyshnyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentyn","family":"Oksenych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine (Klinmed), University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.01.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of programmed DNA lesions and genomic instability in the immune system","volume":"152","author":"Alt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/381751a0","article-title":"Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system","volume":"381","author":"Rajewsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terrell, D.R., Neunert, C.E., Cooper, N., Heitink-Polle, K.M., Kruse, C., Imbach, P., Kuhne, T., and Ghanima, W. 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