{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1783650205487,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR 2690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR 2690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII5_202301\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_202301\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR 2690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR 2690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII5_202301\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_202301\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","award":["EXC 2167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2167"]}]},{"name":"European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","award":["SFB 1526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1526"]}]},{"name":"European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","award":["FOR 2690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR 2690"]}]},{"name":"European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","award":["CRSII5_202301\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_202301\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune bullous skin diseases (AIBDs), such as bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus, are characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins. In BP, clinical experience and recent systematic evaluation identified pruritus to be common and an important cause of impaired quality of life. Furthermore, chronic pruritus may be the sole clinical symptom of BP. In pemphigus, a retrospective study recently documented a high prevalence of pruritus. The temporal relation between pruritus and BP\/pemphigus are, however, unknown. Likewise, the presence of pruritus in AIBDs other than BP and pemphigus is unknown. To address this, we performed propensity-matched retrospective cohort studies using TriNetX, providing real-world patient data to (i) assess the risk to develop AIBDs following the diagnosis of pruritus and (ii) vice versa. We assessed this in eight AIBDs: BP, mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP), pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceous, and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). For all AIBDs, pruritus was associated with an increased risk for the subsequent diagnosis of each of the eight investigated AIBDs in 1,717,744 cases (pruritus) compared with 1,717,744 controls. The observed hazard ratios ranged from 4.2 (CI 3.2\u20135.5; p &lt; 0.0001) in MMP to 28.7 (CI 3.9\u2013211.3; p &lt; 0.0001) in LPP. Results were confirmed in two subgroup analyses. When restricting the observation time to 6 months after pruritus onset, most HRs noticeably increased, e.g., from 6.9 (CI 6.2\u20137.9; p &lt; 0.0001) to 23.3 (CI 17.0\u201331.8; p &lt; 0.0001) in BP. Moreover, pruritus frequently developed following the diagnosis of any of the eight AIBDs, except for PNP. Thus, all AIBDs should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients with chronic pruritus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1678154858000},"page":"485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pruritus Is Associated with an Increased Risk for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Skin Blistering Diseases: A Propensity-Matched Global Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Raap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren M.","family":"Limberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23560 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Barch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23560 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, 23560 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00603","article-title":"Mechanisms of autoantibody-induced pathology","volume":"8","author":"Ludwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31778-7","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"394","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61140-4","article-title":"Pemphigoid diseases","volume":"381","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00584-2","article-title":"Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management","volume":"22","author":"Reunala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17107","article-title":"Incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Northern Germany in 2016\u2014First data from the Schleswig-Holstein Registry of Autoimmune Bullous Diseases","volume":"35","author":"Beek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a180","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris\u2014incidence and mortality in the UK: Population based cohort study","volume":"337","author":"Langan","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875492","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.875492","article-title":"Unmet Medical Needs in Chronic, Non-communicable Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ujiie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3052","article-title":"Unmet Needs in Pemphigoid Diseases: An International Survey Amongst Patients, Clinicians and Researchers","volume":"99","author":"Lamberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14830_g","article-title":"S2k Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie des chronischen Pruritus","volume":"20","author":"Zeidler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDDG J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15973","article-title":"Neuroimmune interactions in chronic itch of atopic dermatitis","volume":"34","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00167","article-title":"Itch Processing in the Skin","volume":"6","author":"Schmelz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14669","article-title":"Role of kappa-opioid and mu-opioid receptors in pruritus: Peripheral and central itch circuits","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1832-20.2020","article-title":"The Neurokinin-1 Receptor is Expressed with Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Spinal Interneurons and Modulates Itch","volume":"40","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilzopolski, J., Kietzmann, M., Mishra, S., Stark, H., B\u00e4umer, W., and Rossbach, K. (2021). TRPV1 and TRPA1 Channels Are Both Involved Downstream of Histamine-Induced Itch. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081166"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.01.017","article-title":"Structural insights into MRGPRX2: A new vision of itch and allergy","volume":"149","author":"Trier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.66","article-title":"A re-innervated in vitro skin model of non-histaminergic itch and skin neurogenic inflammation: PAR2-, TRPV1- and TRPA1-agonist induced functionality","volume":"1","author":"Lebonvallet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ski. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashimoto, T., Yokozeki, H., Karasuyama, H., and Satoh, T. (2022). IL-31\u2013generating network in atopic dermatitis comprising macrophages, basophils, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and periostin. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.009"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627985","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.627985","article-title":"Involvement of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Pruritus With Special Focus on Receptor Expressions","volume":"8","author":"Ruppenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.020","article-title":"The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves","volume":"138","author":"Feld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2951","article-title":"Eosinophils are a Major Source of Interleukin-31 in Bullous Pemphigoid","volume":"98","author":"Gehring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13560","article-title":"Neuronal branching of sensory neurons is associated with BDNF-positive eosinophils in atopic dermatitis","volume":"50","author":"Guseva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"adv00320","article-title":"Characteristics of Pruritus in Bullous Pemphigoid and Impact on Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"100","author":"Briand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.04.029","article-title":"Nonbullous pemphigoid: Insights in clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment responses, and prognosis","volume":"81","author":"Lamberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3308","article-title":"Prevalence of Pemphigoid as a Potentially Unrecognized Cause of Pruritus in Nursing Home Residents","volume":"155","author":"Meijer","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01382.x","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological status of patients with pemphigus vulgaris using Dermatology Life Quality Index and General Health Questionnaires","volume":"39","author":"Ghodsi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.025","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of pruritus in pemphigus compared with bullous pemphigoid: A cross-sectional study","volume":"83","author":"Rolader","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Role of Intereukin-31 in Pathogenesis of Itch and Its Intensity in a Course of Bullous Pemphigoid and Dermatitis Herpetiformis","volume":"2017","author":"Cynkier","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000039","article-title":"Itch-related quality of life impact across 3 autoimmune blistering diseases: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Itch"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.089","article-title":"Dupilumab as a novel therapy for bullous pemphigoid: A multicenter case series","volume":"83","author":"Abdat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15890","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15890","article-title":"A severe case of IgA bullous pemphigoid successfully treated with dupi-lumab","volume":"35","author":"Valenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.4773","article-title":"Evaluation of Site- and Autoantigen-Specific Characteristics of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid","volume":"158","author":"Kridin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2022.4269","article-title":"Dual role of basophils in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid elucidated by pathological and ultrastructural studies","volume":"32","author":"Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12875","article-title":"Human basophils are a source of\u2014And are differentially activated by\u2013IL-31","volume":"47","author":"Raap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.033","article-title":"IL-31: A new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Sonkoly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01067.x","article-title":"Increased levels of serum IL-31 in chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"19","author":"Raap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01241.x","article-title":"IL-31 significantly correlates with disease activity and Th2 cytokine levels in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"23","author":"Raap","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.060","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms of itch in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"83","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639097","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.639097","article-title":"Interleukin-31 Signaling Bridges the Gap Between Immune Cells, the Nervous System and Epithelial Tissues","volume":"8","author":"Nemmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.25.203","article-title":"Coagulation fibrinolysis Abnormalities in Acute Stage Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Head Injury (Preliminary Report)","volume":"25","author":"Touho","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurol. Medico-Chir."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4594630","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4594630","article-title":"Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid by Dendritic Cells","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.12.029","article-title":"The Genetics of Chronic Itch: Gene Expression in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis with Severe Itch","volume":"138","author":"Nattkemper","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9625936","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9625936","article-title":"Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"2018","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8488-5","article-title":"Mediators of Chronic Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis: Getting the Itch Out?","volume":"51","author":"Mollanazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.031","article-title":"The translational revolution of itch","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, O., Soares, G.B., and Yosipovitch, G. (2022). Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Itch. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010420"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14599","article-title":"The H4 R is highly expressed on eosinophils from AD patients and IL-4 upregulates expression and function via the JAK\/STAT path-way","volume":"76","author":"Wolff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16428","article-title":"Treatment of bullous pemphigoid with dupilumab: Dupilumab exerts its effect by primarily suppressing T-helper 2 cytokines","volume":"49","author":"Takamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"234","article-title":"A Novel Combined Use of Dupilumab for Treatment of Aggressive Refractory Pemphigus Vulgaris Complicated With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report and the RNA-seq Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"e15646","article-title":"Omalizumab as adjuvant therapy for pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"35","author":"Artounian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15946","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15946","article-title":"Omalizumab as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"35","author":"Vassallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16996","article-title":"IgE autoantibodies in serum and skin of non-bullous and bullous pemphigoid patients","volume":"35","author":"Lamberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"4007","article-title":"Clinical impact and a prognostic marker of early rituximab treatment after rituximab reimbursement in Korean pemphigus patients","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15397","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15397","article-title":"Early rituximab treatment is associated with increased and sustained remission in pemphigus patients: A retrospective cohort of 99 patients","volume":"35","author":"Nosrati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/3\/485\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:07Z","timestamp":1760122147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/3\/485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13030485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13030485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}