{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T23:52:20Z","timestamp":1780703540967,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CMRPG8J1321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8J1321"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CMRPG8L0641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8L0641"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are at high risk of post-procedure acute kidney injury (AKI) and may experience persistent renal damage after an initial insult, a state known as acute kidney disease (AKD). However, the association between AKD and urinary renal biomarkers has not yet been evaluated in this population. We enrolled 94 patients who underwent elective cardiac catheterization to investigate patterns of urinary renal biomarkers and their associations with post-procedure AKD. Serial urinary renal biomarker levels were measured during pre-procedure, early post-procedure (12\u201324 h), and late post-procedure (7\u201310 days) periods. In our investigation, 42.55% of the enrolled patients developed AKD during the late post-procedure period. While the liver-type free-fatty-acid-binding protein level increased sharply during the early post-procedure period, it returned to baseline during the late post-procedure period. In contrast, interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels increased steadily during the post-procedure period. Early post-procedure ratios of IL-18 and gelsolin (GSN) were independently associated with subsequent AKD (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 4.742 (1.523\u201314.759) for IL-18 ratio, p = 0.007; 1.812 (1.027\u20133.198) for GSN ratio, p = 0.040). In conclusion, post-procedure AKD is common and associated with early changes in urinary IL-18 and GSN in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1678154858000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Interleukin-18 and Gelsolin Are Associated with Acute Kidney Disease after Cardiac Catheterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Po-Yen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Fan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Jung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pai-Chin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hsing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6172-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Ying","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Lung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry Ting-Yu","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000366","article-title":"Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: Clinical landscape","volume":"69","author":"Katzberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32766","article-title":"Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency","volume":"39","author":"Nash","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.07.044","article-title":"Strategies to Reduce Acute Kidney Injury and Improve Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of the PRESERVE Trial","volume":"11","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0052-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Hoste","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.974493","article-title":"Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and risk of adverse clinical outcomes after coronary angiography: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00150-2","article-title":"Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: Incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality","volume":"103","author":"McCullough","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714550309","article-title":"Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: An \u201cAll or None\u201d Phenomenon?","volume":"66","author":"Katsiki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1325","article-title":"Prevention, incidence, and outcomes of contrast-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"168","author":"Weisbord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081732","article-title":"Iodixanol, constriction of medullary descending vasa recta, and risk for contrast medium-induced nephropathy","volume":"251","author":"Sendeski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-012-9512-9","article-title":"Role of contrast media on oxidative stress, Ca2+ signaling and apoptosis in Kidney","volume":"246","author":"Naziroglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F864","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00302.2013","article-title":"Iodinated contrast media cause direct tubular cell damage, leading to oxidative stress, low nitric oxide, and impairment of tubuloglomerular feedback","volume":"306","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2019.04.004","article-title":"Contrast Nephropathy Associated with Percutaneous Coronary Angiography and Intervention","volume":"37","author":"Novak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823829","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.823829","article-title":"Association Between Non-Recovered Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714546527","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients at High Risk for Nephropathy After Contrast Exposure","volume":"66","author":"Abaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000516647","article-title":"Defining AKD: The Spectrum of AKI, AKD, and CKD","volume":"146","author":"Levey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2021.02.007","article-title":"Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Disease and Long-term Kidney Outcomes","volume":"3","author":"Flannery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191795","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1795","article-title":"Incidence and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Diseases and Disorders Using an Integrated Approach to Laboratory Measurements in a Universal Health Care System","volume":"2","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, P.C., Liu, C.H., Lee, W.C., Wu, C.H., Lee, C.T., Su, C.H., Wang, Y.L., Tsai, K.F., and Chiou, T.T. (2022). Predictors of Acute Kidney Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Kidney Injury. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051081"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Reply","volume":"381","author":"Mehran","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114605","article-title":"Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.439","article-title":"Urinary levels of regenerating islet-derived protein III beta and gelsolin differentiate gentamicin from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats","volume":"79","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piktel, E., Levental, I., Durnas, B., Janmey, P.A., and Bucki, R. (2018). Plasma Gelsolin: Indicator of Inflammation and Its Potential as a Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092516"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000492290","article-title":"Assessing Renal Recovery after Acute Kidney Injury: Can Biomarkers Help?","volume":"140","author":"Endre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: Synopsis of the kidney disease: Improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury","volume":"120","author":"Khwaja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.2","article-title":"Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: Consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup","volume":"13","author":"Chawla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002311","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002311","article-title":"Combined changes in albuminuria and kidney function and subsequent risk for kidney failure in type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Oshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06147-2","article-title":"Low incidence of nephrotoxicity following intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media: A prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Castaldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-02818-6","article-title":"Predictive value of preprocedural albuminuria for contrast-induced nephropathy non-recovery in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2201153","article-title":"Uses of GFR and Albuminuria Level in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"386","author":"Levey","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020170","article-title":"IL-18 contributes to renal damage after ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108191","article-title":"The IL-18\/IL-18R1 signalling axis: Diagnostic and therapeutic potential in hypertension and chronic kidney disease","volume":"239","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_19","article-title":"Role of Inflammasome in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"1165","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.15931219","article-title":"Postangiography Increases in Serum Creatinine and Biomarkers of Injury and Repair","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"11","article-title":"Novel Damage Biomarkers of Sepsis-Related Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"33","author":"Ragan","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-017-0116-4","article-title":"Plasma gelsolin level predicts acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and young children","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80012-X","article-title":"Functions of gelsolin: Motility, signaling, apoptosis, cancer","volume":"11","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)74001-9","article-title":"Determination of the gelsolin binding site on F-actin: Implications for severing and capping","volume":"74","author":"McGough","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C.J., Damaiyanti, D.W., Yan, S.J., Wu, C.H., Tang, M.J., Shieh, D.B., Liu, P.P., and Liu, P.Y. (2021). The Pathophysiologic Role of Gelsolin in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Podocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413281"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205143262006","article-title":"The extracellular actin-scavenger system and actin toxicity","volume":"326","author":"Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13785","article-title":"Gelsolin and Progression of Aortic Arch Calcification in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients","volume":"13","author":"Chiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12342","article-title":"Gelsolin and adipokines are associated with protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis patients","volume":"39","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199704000-00007","article-title":"Decreased plasma gelsolin concentrations in acute liver failure, myocardial infarction, septic shock, and myonecrosis","volume":"25","author":"Suhler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2021.1879000","article-title":"Current concepts and advances in biomarkers of acute kidney injury","volume":"58","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63384-6","article-title":"Urinary excretion of fatty acid-binding protein reflects stress overload on the proximal tubules","volume":"165","author":"Kamijo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12764","article-title":"Biomarkers in acute kidney injury\u2014Pathophysiological basis and clinical performance","volume":"219","author":"Schrezenmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lab.2003.08.001","article-title":"Urinary fatty acid-binding protein as a new clinical marker of the progression of chronic renal disease","volume":"143","author":"Kamijo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"91","article-title":"Elevation of urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein after cardiac catheterization related to cardiovascular events","volume":"8","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol. Renovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000368","article-title":"Contrast-induced nephropathy: Definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk","volume":"69","author":"Mehran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94910-1","article-title":"Association of the classification and severity of heart failure with the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2021.1901738","article-title":"The effect of body mass index on the development of acute kidney injury and mortality in intensive care unit: Is obesity paradox valid?","volume":"43","author":"Sabaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schvartz, R., Lupu, L., Frydman, S., Banai, S., Shacham, Y., and Gal-Oz, A. (2022). BMI Modifies Increased Mortality Risk of Post-PCI STEMI Patients with AKI. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206104"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.023","article-title":"Impact of chronic kidney disease on prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus treated with percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"94","author":"Nikolsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1588","article-title":"Glycemic Control and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Parallel Population-Based Cohort Studies in U.S. and Swedish Routine Care","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.041","article-title":"Pre-diabetes and the risk of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous intervention","volume":"106","author":"Barbieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Fu, H., Fu, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Yang, S., Zeng, Z., Fu, N., and Guo, Z. (2021). Glycosylated hemoglobin levels and the risk for contrast-induced nephropathy in diabetic patients undergoing coronary arteriography\/percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Nephrol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02405-y"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/3\/487\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:10Z","timestamp":1760122150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/3\/487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13030487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13030487","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}