{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:33:10Z","timestamp":1792589590156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to directly compare the contents and the clinical efficacy of the two autologous blood-derived products, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. The contents of standard-prepared PRP and ACS prepared at 37 \u00b0C for 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h from healthy volunteers were compared. The clinical efficacy of pain relief in patients with Stage III knee OA was evaluated by a patient-reported visual analog scale (VAS) pain rating. PDGF-BB levels in ACS 1 h were significantly higher than those in PRP, and the levels in ACS preparations remained stable. IGF-1 level of ACS 24 h showed a significant increase compared to those of other ACS preparations and PRP. ACS 3 h showed a turning of IL-1Ra level and revealed a time-dependent increase up to 24 h. ACS 6 h showed a turning increase in TNF-\u03b1 levels. ACS 3 h was chosen for clinical comparison with PRP. The reduction in pain VAS in the ACS group was significantly more compared to those of the PRP group (p = 0.028). However, PRP showed significant earlier improvement (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: ACS contained higher levels of PDGF-BB and IL-1Ra and provided better improvement in pain relief compared to PRP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparisons of Cytokines, Growth Factors and Clinical Efficacy between Platelet-Rich Plasma and Autologous Conditioned Serum for Knee Osteoarthritis Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pen-Gang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Fu-Ya Medical Clinic, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuender D.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Mackay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Gie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang-Sheng","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216515","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis 1990-2017: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"79","author":"Safiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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