{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:29:16Z","timestamp":1787938156941,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C))","award":["21K08331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), which are a group of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases of the skin, present with various blistering lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and show autoantibodies of IgG, IgA and IgM against epidermal cell surfaces and basement membrane zone. To date, AIBDs have been classified into a number of distinct subtypes by clinical and histopathological findings, and immunological characteristics. In addition, various biochemical and molecular biological studies have identified various novel autoantigens in AIBDs, which has resulted in proposals of new subtypes of AIBDs. In this article, we summarized various distinct AIBDs, and proposed the latest and most comprehensive classification of AIBDs with their autoantigen molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1682046108000},"page":"703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Classification and Antigen Molecules of Autoimmune Bullous Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norito","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takekuni","family":"Nakama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tsuruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14692","article-title":"Summary of results of serological tests and diagnoses for 4774 cases of various autoimmune bullous diseases consulted to Kurume University","volume":"175","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103375","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1103375","article-title":"Issues occupying our minds: Nomenclature of autoimmune blistering diseases requires updating, pemphigus vulgaris propensity to affect areas adjacent to natural body orifices unifies seemingly diverse clinical features of this disease","volume":"13","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13711","article-title":"Anti-desmocollin autoantibodies in non-classical pemphigus","volume":"173","author":"Ishii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10827.x","article-title":"Five Japanese cases of antidesmoglein 1 antibody-positive and antidesmoglein 3 antibody-negative pemphigus with oral lesions","volume":"166","author":"Koga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"252","article-title":"Subclinical oral involvement in patients with endemic pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"8","author":"Howard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pr. Concept."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16660","article-title":"Significance of anti-desmocollin autoantibodies in pemphigus","volume":"50","author":"Ishii","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12925","article-title":"Clinical and immunological profiles in 17 Japanese patients with drug-induced pemphigus studied at Kurume University","volume":"171","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14889","article-title":"Induced autoimmune bullous diseases","volume":"176","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905063401805","article-title":"The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"340","author":"Nousari","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.408","article-title":"Epiplakin is a paraneoplastic pemphigus autoantigen and related to bronchiolitis obliterans in Japanese patients","volume":"136","author":"Tsuchisaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14162","article-title":"Clinical and immunological findings in 104 cases of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"173","author":"Ohzono","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100687118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100687118","article-title":"A gene-centric approach to biomarker discovery identifies transglutaminase 1 as an epidermal autoantigen","volume":"118","author":"Landegren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18557","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus: A detailed case series from the Netherlands revealing atypical cases","volume":"37","author":"Zaheri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.0134","article-title":"Case of Antiplakin Dermatosis","volume":"157","author":"Oiso","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30556","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.024810","article-title":"Desmocollin 3-mediated Binding Is Crucial for Keratinocyte Cohesion and Is Impaired in Pemphigus","volume":"284","author":"Spindler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.016","article-title":"IgG autoantibodies against desmocollin 3 in pemphigus sera induce loss of keratinocyte adhesion","volume":"178","author":"Rafei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01387","article-title":"Development of a Desmocollin-3 Active Mouse Model Recapitulating Human Atypical Pemphigus","volume":"10","author":"Lotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.032","article-title":"Autoantibodies to DSC3 in Pemphigus Exclusively Recognize Calcium-Dependent Epitope in Extracellular Domain 2","volume":"141","author":"Koga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.06.017","article-title":"Human Desmocollin 3\u2013Specific IgG Antibodies Are Pathogenic in a Humanized HLA Class II Transgenic Mouse Model of Pemphigus","volume":"142","author":"Hudemann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00994","article-title":"Clinical and immunological study of 30 cases with both IgG and IgA anti-keratinocyte cell surface autoantibodies toward the definition of intercellular IgG\/IgA dermatosis","volume":"9","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13813","article-title":"Nomenclature for diseases with IgA anti-keratinocyte cell surface autoantibodies","volume":"173","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14780","article-title":"Clinical and immunological studies of 49 cases of various types of intercellular IgA dermatosis and 13 cases of classical subcorneal pustular dermatosis examined at Kurume University","volume":"176","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.06.007","article-title":"Pathogenic activation and therapeutic blockage of FcaR-Expressing polymorphonuclear leukocytes in IgA pemphigus","volume":"141","author":"Emtenani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13708","article-title":"Granular pemphigus-like IgM deposition around keratinocytes in a patient with Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s macroglobulinaemia: A so far unreported finding","volume":"31","author":"Kieny","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.035","article-title":"Nonbullous pemphigoid: A systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Lamberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02457.x","article-title":"Prodromal bullous pemphigoid","volume":"45","author":"Lamb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00618.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Lichen Planus Pemphigoides React with a Novel Epitope within the C-Terminal NC16A Domain of BP180","volume":"113","author":"Zillikens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12530","article-title":"Lichen planus pemphigoides associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18516","article-title":"Clinical and immunological characterization of 14 cases of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid: A single-centre study","volume":"182","author":"Hayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.10.020","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid quandaries","volume":"87","author":"Heymann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13960","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid associated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 therapy: A case series of 13 patients","volume":"64","author":"Yun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.11.014","article-title":"Radiation-induced bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review of an unusual radiation side effect","volume":"82","author":"Mul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002385","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Localized Bullous Pemphigoid","volume":"45","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00542","article-title":"Bullous Pemphigoid Triggered by Thermal Burn Under Medication With a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"9","author":"Mai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2719","article-title":"Clinical and immunological profiles of anti-BP230-type bullous pemphigoid: Restriction of epitopes to the C-terminal domain of BP230, shown by novel ELISAs of BP230-domain specific recombinant proteins","volume":"26","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.08.031","article-title":"Autoantibodies to BPAG1e Trigger Experimental Bullous Pemphigoid in Mice","volume":"141","author":"Makita","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.01.013","article-title":"In vivo analysis of IgE autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid: A study of 100 cases","volume":"78","author":"Moriuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15114","article-title":"Detection of IgE autoantibodies to BP180 and BP230 and their relationship to clinical features in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"177","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.3357","article-title":"Correlation of serum levels of IgE autoantibodies against BP180 with bullous pemphigoid disease activity","volume":"153","author":"Huebner","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.93646","article-title":"A case of herpes gestationis: Follow-up study of autoantibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting","volume":"78","author":"Fukuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"762","article-title":"Clinical and immunological studies of 332 Japanese patients tentatively diagnosed as anti-BP180-type mucous membrane pemphigoid: A novel BP180 C-terminal domain enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"96","author":"Yasukochi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20099","article-title":"Clinical and immunological findings in 55 patients with anti-laminin-332-type mucous membrane pemphigoid","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2016.2772","article-title":"Integrin \u03b24 is a major target antigen in pure ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2014.04.002","article-title":"Isolation of a hemidesmosome-rich fraction from a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line","volume":"324","author":"Hirako","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800080601","article-title":"Autoantibodies to human alpha6 integrin in patients with oral pemphigoid","volume":"80","author":"Bhol","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903174","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.903174","article-title":"Case report: Mucous membrane pemphigoid with IgG and IgA anti-laminin \u03b31 antibodies and IgA anti-laminin \u03b15 antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Kuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118846","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1118846","article-title":"Potential contribution of anti-p200 autoantibodies to mucosal lesions in anti-p200 pemphigoid","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"285","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M mucous membrane pemphigoid","volume":"21","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"JDDG J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13030-qt40z314gz","DOI":"10.5070\/D32110028946","article-title":"IgM ocular cicatricial pemphigoid: A unique insight into the immune system","volume":"21","author":"Tazudeen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"10.1097","article-title":"Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid with IgM-positive biopsy","volume":"2022","author":"Philip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2016.1196136","article-title":"Clinical and immunological studies for 105 Japanese seropositive patients of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita examined at Kurume University","volume":"12","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1159\/000519022","article-title":"A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Mimicking Bullous SLE","volume":"13","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12343631","article-title":"A novel subepidermal blistering disease with autoantibodies to a 200-kDa antigen of the basement membrane zone","volume":"106","author":"Zillikens","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07625.x","article-title":"Coexistence of psoriasis and an unusual IgG-mediated subepidermal bullous dermatosis: Identification of a novel 200-kDa lower lamina lucida target antigen","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809230106","article-title":"Anti-laminin gamma-1 pemphigoid","volume":"106","author":"Dainichi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.016","article-title":"Coexistence of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) and psoriasis: A series of 145 cases","volume":"73","author":"Ohata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14005","article-title":"Atypical anti-p200 pemphigoid with nail involvement and blisters over the joints","volume":"17","author":"Bagci","year":"2019","journal-title":"JDDG J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00056","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3401","article-title":"Current concepts of dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"100","author":"Salmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.0761","article-title":"History, diagnosis, pathogenesis and nomenclature in sublamina dense-type linear IgA disease","volume":"157","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2555","article-title":"Linear IgA\/IgG bullous dermatosis reacts with multiple laminins and integrins","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00849.x","article-title":"Childhood bullous pemphigoid successfully treated with diaminodiphenyl sulfone","volume":"32","author":"Motegi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14087","article-title":"IgM-type epidermolysis bullosa acquisita","volume":"173","author":"Omland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.10.1385","article-title":"IgM-mediated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita","volume":"138","author":"Suchniak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.01.017","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M pemphigoid","volume":"85","author":"Boch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16260","article-title":"Super-resolution imaging detects BP180 autoantigen in immunoglobulin M pemphigoid","volume":"49","author":"Hirano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"748","article-title":"Granular C3 dermatosis","volume":"96","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13563","article-title":"Two cases of granular C3 dermatosis with intraepidermal neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration possibly induced by anti-hypertensive drugs","volume":"62","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2022.4316","article-title":"A case of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-related anti-BP230-type bullous pemphigoid showing granular C3 dermatosis-like direct immunofluorescence staining","volume":"32","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16554","article-title":"Five cases of new-onset pemphigus following vaccinations against coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"50","author":"Barei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.06.026","article-title":"Subepidermal blistering eruptions, including bullous pemphigoid, following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"148","author":"Tomayko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13755","article-title":"An unusual presentation of pemphigus foliaceus following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"63","author":"Lua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"e1","article-title":"New onset pemphigus foliaceus following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"37","author":"Ayyalaraju","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18030","article-title":"Association between vaccination and immunobullous disorders: A brief, updated systematic review with focus on COVID-19","volume":"36","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16280","article-title":"False negative for anti-BP180 antibody by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA): Dissociation from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and extended antigen-antibody reaction time","volume":"49","author":"Futatsuya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825226","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.825226","article-title":"Case report: Variety of target antigens during 1 year follow-up of a patient initially diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16513","article-title":"A Chinese case of concurrent anti-laminin \u03b31 pemphigoid and anti-laminin 332-type mucous membrane pemphigoid","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149119","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1149119","article-title":"Case report: Mucous membrane pemphigoid with complicated autoantibody profile indicating the necessity of comprehensive diagnostic methods and the contribution of IgA autoantibodies","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/4\/703\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:20:06Z","timestamp":1760124006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/4\/703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13040703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13040703","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]}}}