{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:55:02Z","timestamp":1789872902310,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["BJ-2021-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2021-182"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2020YFC2006404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006404"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2020YFC2006402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006402"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2020YFC2006400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006400"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["62073319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073319"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2012BAI10B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B03"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2012BAI10B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B04"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["BJ-2021-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2021-182"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFC2006404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006404"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFC2006402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006402"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFC2006400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006400"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["62073319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073319"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2012BAI10B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B03"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2012BAI10B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BJ-2021-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2021-182"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFC2006404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006404"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFC2006402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006402"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFC2006400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006400"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62073319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073319"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2012BAI10B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B03"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2012BAI10B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B04"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["BJ-2021-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2021-182"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["2020YFC2006404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006404"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["2020YFC2006402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006402"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["2020YFC2006400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2006400"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["62073319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073319"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["2012BAI10B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B03"]}]},{"name":"12th Five-year Plan for National Science &amp; Technology Supporting Program","award":["2012BAI10B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI10B04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain activity is time varying and dynamic, even in the resting state. However, little attention has been paid to the dynamic alterations in regional brain activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). We aimed to test for differences in dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) between PD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to further investigate the pathophysiological meaning of this altered dReHo in PD. We included 57 PD patients and 31 HCs with rs-fMRI scans and neuropsychological examinations. Then, ReHo and dReHo were calculated for all subjects. We compared ReHo and dReHo between PD patients and HCs and then analyzed the associations between altered dReHo variability and clinical\/neuropsychological measurements. Support vector machines (SVMs) were also used to assist in differentiating PD patients from HCs using the classification values of dReHo. The results showed that PD patients had increased ReHo in the bilateral medial temporal lobe and decreased ReHo in the right posterior cerebellar lobe, right precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area, compared with controls. The coefficient of variation (CV) of dReHo was considerably higher in the precuneus in PD patients compared with HCs, and the CV of dReHo in the precuneus was found to be highly associated with HAMD, HAMA, and NMSQ scores. Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for demographic, clinical, and neuropsychiatric variables confirmed the association between altered dReHo and HAMD. Using the leave-one-out cross validation procedure, 98% (p &lt; 0.001) of individuals were properly identified using the SVM classifier. These results provide new evidence for the aberrant resting-state brain activity in the precuneus of PD patients and its role in neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:05:44Z","timestamp":1685066744000},"page":"888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Temporal Dynamic Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13691","article-title":"The clinical symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Sveinbjornsdottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.004","article-title":"Circuit Mechanisms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"101","author":"McGregor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.038","article-title":"Understanding Dopaminergic Cell Death Pathways in Parkinson Disease","volume":"90","author":"Michel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132388","article-title":"Resting-state functional MR imaging: A new window to the brain","volume":"272","author":"Barkhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","article-title":"Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.06.027","article-title":"Decreased and increased cerebral regional homogeneity in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1527","author":"Choe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1490-5","article-title":"Regional homogeneity alterations differentiate between tremor dominant and postural instability gait difficulty subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.06.013","article-title":"Structural and functional imaging study in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"21","author":"Borroni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.018","article-title":"Aberrant regional homogeneity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"72","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23430","article-title":"Dynamic functional network connectivity in idiopathic generalized epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizure","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain. Mapp."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, C., Wei, Y., Zhao, J., and Nie, J. (2018, January 16\u201320). The dynamic measurements of regional brain activity for resting-state fMRI: D-ALFF, d-fALFF and d-ReHo. roceedings of International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Granada, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00931-1_22"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00994","article-title":"Dynamic Alterations in Spontaneous Neural Activity in Multiple Brain Networks in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Resting-State fMRI Study","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00405-4","article-title":"Dynamic alterations of spontaneous neural activity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain. Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01083","article-title":"Alterations of Dynamic Regional Homogeneity in Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Resting-State fMRI Study","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01333","article-title":"Depression Affects Intrinsic Brain Activity in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9408-2","article-title":"Sparse temporally dynamic resting-state functional connectivity networks for early MCI identification","volume":"10","author":"Wee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23240","article-title":"High-order resting-state functional connectivity network for MCI classification","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Brain. Mapp."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Emre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.05.008","article-title":"RESTplus: An improved toolkit for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data processing","volume":"64","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312","article-title":"Movement-related effects in fMRI time-series","volume":"35","author":"Friston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","article-title":"DPABI: Data Processing & Analysis for (Resting-State) Brain Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2017.09.015","article-title":"Concordance among indices of intrinsic brain function: Insights from inter-individual variation and temporal dynamics","volume":"62","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.047","article-title":"Towards a statistical test for functional connectivity dynamics","volume":"114","author":"Zalesky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Guo, W., Yu, D., Gao, Q., Gao, K., Xue, Z., Du, H., Zhang, J., Tan, C., and Liu, Z. (2012). Classification of different therapeutic responses of major depressive disorder with multivariate pattern analysis method based on structural MR scans. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040968"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.10.006","article-title":"Abnormal regional homogeneity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A resting state fMRI study","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00363.x","article-title":"Acupuncture stimulation on GB34 activates neural responses associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Yeo","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00141","article-title":"ALFF and ReHo Mapping Reveals Different Functional Patterns in Early- and Late-Onset Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06272-9","article-title":"Functional brain changes in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A whole brain ALE study","volume":"43","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20622","article-title":"Regional homogeneity changes in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"5146253","article-title":"The Relationship between Side of Onset and Cerebral Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.10.017","article-title":"Akinetic-rigid and tremor-dominant Parkinson\u2019s disease patients show different patterns of intrinsic brain activity","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl004","article-title":"The precuneus: A review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates","volume":"129","author":"Cavanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22381","article-title":"Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A brain perfusion SPECT study","volume":"24","author":"Nobili","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4188-09.2010","article-title":"Abnormalities in metabolic network activity precede the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1703-1","article-title":"Arterial spin labelling detects posterior cortical hypoperfusion in non-demented patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Syrimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0534","article-title":"Altered Functional Connectivity Between Precuneus and Motor Systems in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"7","author":"Thibes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00427","article-title":"Precuneus Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.061","article-title":"Precuneus degeneration and isolated apathy in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"653","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Song, X., Li, E., Liu, J., Yuan, Y., Liu, W., and Liu, Y. (2015). Altered Resting-State Brain Activity and Connectivity in Depressed Parkinson\u2019s Disease. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131133"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000450614","article-title":"Precuneal Thickness and Depression in Parkinson Disease","volume":"17","author":"Zanigni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.7.1271","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying gait disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A single photon emission computed tomography study","volume":"122","author":"Hanakawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"930","article-title":"Insular dysfunction within the salience network is associated with severity of symptoms and aberrant inter-network connectivity in major depressive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Manoliu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.007","article-title":"A treatment-resistant default mode subnetwork in major depression","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/6\/888\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:42:07Z","timestamp":1760125327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/6\/888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13060888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13060888","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}