{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:55:23Z","timestamp":1775483723649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has become major public concern and is continuously investigated in new aspects of pathophysiology and management. Urotensin II (UII) is a powerful vasoconstrictor with a role in cardiovascular diseases. The main goal of this study was to evaluate serum UII levels in OSA patients and matched controls. A total of 89 OSA patients and 89 controls were consecutively enrolled. A medical history review and physical examination of the participants was conducted, with polysomnography performed in the investigated group. UII levels and other biochemical parameters were assessed according to the standard laboratory protocols. The median AHI in the OSA group was 39.0 (31.4\u201355.2) events\/h, and they had higher levels of hsCRP when compared to control group (2.87 \u00b1 0.71 vs. 1.52 \u00b1 0.68 mg\/L; p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, serum UII levels were significantly higher in the OSA group (3.41 \u00b1 1.72 vs. 2.18 \u00b1 1.36 ng\/mL; p &lt; 0.001), while positive correlation was found between UII levels and hsCRP (r = 0.450; p &lt; 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (SPB) (r = 0.317; p &lt; 0.001). Finally, multiple regression analysis showed significant association of UII levels with AHI (0.017 \u00b1 0.006, p = 0.013), SBP (0.052 \u00b1 0.008, p &lt; 0.001) and hsCRP (0.538 \u00b1 0.164, p = 0.001). As UII levels were associated with blood pressure and markers of inflammation and OSA severity, it might play an important role in the complex pathophysiology of OSA and its cardiometabolic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1685508051000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serum Urotensin II Levels Are Elevated in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ante","family":"Mihovilovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Dogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Sleep Medicine Center, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-5130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinko","family":"Martinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9508-4160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Tokic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Puizina Mladinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Kumric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Ivkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Sleep Medicine Center, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marino","family":"Vilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josko","family":"Bozic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S124657","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: Current perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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