{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:04:04Z","timestamp":1787616244781,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP11359290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP11359290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2009965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2009965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1196629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1196629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Investigator grant","award":["APP11359290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP11359290"]}]},{"name":"Investigator grant","award":["APP2009965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2009965"]}]},{"name":"Investigator grant","award":["APP1196629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1196629"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Center of Research Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP11359290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP11359290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Center of Research Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2009965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2009965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Center of Research Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1196629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1196629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current coronary artery disease (CAD) risk scores for predicting future cardiovascular events rely on well-recognized traditional cardiovascular risk factors derived from a population level but often fail individuals, with up to 25% of first-time heart attack patients having no risk factors. Non-invasive imaging technology can directly measure coronary artery plaque burden. With an advanced lipidomic measurement methodology, for the first time, we aim to identify lipidomic biomarkers to enable intervention before cardiovascular events. With 994 participants from BioHEART-CT Discovery Cohort, we collected clinical data and performed high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine concentrations of 683 plasma lipid species. Statin-naive participants were selected based on subclinical CAD (sCAD) categories as the analytical cohort (n = 580), with sCAD+ (n = 243) compared to sCAD\u2212 (n = 337). Through a machine learning approach, we built a lipid risk score (LRS) and compared the performance of the existing Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in predicting sCAD+. We obtained individual classifiability scores and determined Body Mass Index (BMI) as the modifying variable. FRS and LRS models achieved similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in predicting the validation cohort. LRS enhanced the prediction of sCAD+ in the healthy-weight group (BMI &lt; 25 kg\/m2), where FRS performed poorly and identified individuals at risk that FRS missed. Lipid features have strong potential as biomarkers to predict CAD plaque burden and can identify residual risk not captured by traditional risk factors\/scores. LRS compliments FRS in prediction and has the most significant benefit in healthy-weight individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T03:59:35Z","timestamp":1685505575000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in the BioHEART-CT Discovery Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dantong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zac","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2052-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6050-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Kott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Gholipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habtamu B.","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart M.","family":"Grieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Meikle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma A.","family":"Figtree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Y. H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.03.012","article-title":"Trends in long-term prognosis according to left ventricular ejection fraction after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Yahud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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