{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:07:23Z","timestamp":1790305643929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This Review emphasizes the impact of APOE4\u2014the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)\u2014on peripheral and neural effects starting in childhood. We discuss major mechanistic players associated with the APOE alleles\u2019 effects in humans to understand their impact from conception through all life stages and the importance of detrimental, synergistic environmental exposures. APOE4 influences AD pathogenesis, and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manufactured nanoparticles (NPs), and ultrafine particles (UFPs) associated with combustion and friction processes appear to be major contributors to cerebrovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In the context of outdoor and indoor PM pollution burden\u2014as well as Fe, Ti, and Al alloys; Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si UFPs\/NPs\u2014in placenta and fetal brain tissues, urban APOE3 and APOE4 carriers are developing AD biological disease hallmarks (hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-tau) and amyloid beta 42 plaques (A\u03b242)). Strikingly, for Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) young residents \u2264 40 y, APOE4 carriers have 4.92 times higher suicide odds and 23.6 times higher odds of reaching Braak NFT V stage versus APOE4 non-carriers. The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer\u2019s Association (NIA-AA) framework could serve to test the hypothesis that UFPs and NPs are key players for oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation and misfolding, faulty complex protein quality control, and early damage to cell membranes and organelles of neural and vascular cells. Noninvasive biomarkers indicative of the P-tau and A\u03b242 abnormal protein deposits are needed across the disease continuum starting in childhood. Among the 21.8 million MMC residents, we have potentially 4 million APOE4 carriers at accelerated AD progression. These APOE4 individuals are prime candidates for early neuroprotective interventional trials. APOE4 is key in the development of AD evolving from childhood in highly polluted urban centers dominated by anthropogenic and industrial sources of pollution. APOE4 subjects are at higher early risk of AD development, and neuroprotection ought to be implemented. Effective reductions of PM2.5, UFP, and NP emissions from all sources are urgently needed. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease prevention ought to be at the core of the public health response and physicians-scientist minority research be supported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1685588760000},"page":"927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["APOE Peripheral and Brain Impact: APOE4 Carriers Accelerate Their Alzheimer Continuum and Have a High Risk of Suicide in PM2.5 Polluted Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3130-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"},{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, HMG, Mexico City 04380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Aiello-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorrinolaryngology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2688-6618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Brito-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7920-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Evelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Villarreal-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Piedras Negras, Piedras Negras 26000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Torres-Jard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA"},{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha S.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","article-title":"Gene Dose of Apolipoprotein E Type 4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Late Onset Families","volume":"261","author":"Corder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3283935","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol Transport Protein with Expanding Role in Cell Biology","volume":"240","author":"Mahley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70325-2","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Neurological Disorders","volume":"10","author":"Verghese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1547-z","article-title":"The Role of APOE in Cerebrovascular Dysfunction","volume":"131","author":"Tai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00566-4","article-title":"APOE in the Bullseye of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Impact of the APOE Genotype in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology and Brain Diseases","volume":"17","author":"Konings","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02461-0","article-title":"Don\u2019t Forget about Tau: The Effects of ApoE4 Genotype on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment-Data from the Dementia Competence Network","volume":"129","author":"Benson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5607\/en21022","article-title":"Region-Specific Differences in the Apoe4-Dependent Response to Focal Brain Injury","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.03.024","article-title":"Selective Removal of Astrocytic APOE4 Strongly Protects against Tau-Mediated Neurodegeneration and Decreases Synaptic Phagocytosis by Microglia","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-de Pablo, V., G\u00f3mez, C., Poza, J., Maturana-Candelas, A., Martins, S., Gomes, I., Lopes, A.M., Pinto, N., and Hornero, R. (2020). Relationship between the Presence of the ApoE \u03954 Allele and EEG Complexity along the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Continuum. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20143849"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15685","article-title":"A Multi-Hit Hypothesis for an APOE4-Dependent Pathophysiological State","volume":"56","author":"Steele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-022-02421-8","article-title":"APOE4 Exacerbates \u03b1-Synuclein Seeding Activity and Contributes to Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with Lewy Body Pathology","volume":"143","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887211060019","article-title":"APOE4 Allele, Sex, and Dementia Risk in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Lessons from a Longitudinal Cohort","volume":"35","author":"Umeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2021.1953077","article-title":"Association of Apolipoprotein E \u03954 Allele and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Chinese Population","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Front. Degener."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.11.019","article-title":"Vascular ApoE4 Impairs Behavior by Modulating Gliovascular Function","volume":"109","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142685","article-title":"Decreases in Short Term Memory, IQ, and Altered Brain Metabolic Ratios in Urban Apolipoprotein \u03954 Children Exposed to Air Pollution","volume":"45","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150415","article-title":"A Critical Proton MR Spectroscopy Marker of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Early Neurodegenerative Change: Low Hippocampal NAA\/Cr Ratio Impacts APOE \u03b54 Mexico City Children and Their Parents","volume":"48","author":"Styner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"087001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2246","article-title":"Traffic-Related Air Pollution, APOE\u03b54 Status, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among School Children Enrolled in the BREATHE Project (Catalonia, Spain)","volume":"126","author":"Alemany","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114595","article-title":"Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood, APOE \u03954 Status and Alzheimer Polygenic Risk Score, and Brain Structural Morphology in Preadolescents","volume":"216","author":"Essers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00727a022","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Human Plasma Very Low Density Lipoproteins. Separation of Species Differing in Protein Components","volume":"12","author":"Shore","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.1999.6340301.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Allele Distribution in the World. Is APOE*4 a \u201cthrifty\u201d Allele?","volume":"63","author":"Corbo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0804-x","article-title":"The Neurobiology and Age-Related Prevalence of the \u03954 Allele of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cohorts","volume":"60","author":"Heffernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000321984","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E \u03954 Prevalence in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients Varies across Global Populations: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Crean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0009","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 Prevents Growth of Malaria at the Intraerythrocyte Stage: Implications for Differences in Racial Susceptibility to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"24","author":"Fujioka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35573-3","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Genotypes among Diverse Middle-Aged and Older Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging Results (HCHS\/SOL)","volume":"8","author":"Tarraf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12292","article-title":"Exploratory Study of Apolipoprotein E \u03954 Genotype and Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Mexican Hispanics","volume":"61","author":"Campos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.03.023","article-title":"Hallmarks of Alzheimer Disease Are Evolving Relentlessly in Metropolitan Mexico City Infants, Children and Young Adults. APOE4 Carriers Have Higher Suicide Risk and Higher Odds of Reaching NFT Stage V at \u226440 Years of Age","volume":"164","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110139","article-title":"Quadruple Abnormal Protein Aggregates in Brainstem Pathology and Exogenous Metal-Rich Magnetic Nanoparticles (and Engineered Ti-Rich Nanorods). The Substantia Nigrae Is a Very Early Target in Young Urbanites and the Gastrointestinal Tract a Key Brainstem Portal","volume":"191","author":"Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04706","article-title":"Air Pollution, Ultrafine Particles, and Your Brain: Are Combustion Nanoparticle Emissions and Engineered Nanoparticles Causing Preventable Fatal Neurodegenerative Diseases and Common Neuropsychiatric Outcomes?","volume":"56","author":"Ayala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as, L., P\u00e9rez-Calatayud, \u00c1.A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., Silva-Pereyra, H.G., Ramos-Morales, A., Torres-Jard\u00f3n, R., Soberanes-Cerino, C.D.J., Carrillo-Esper, R., and Briones-Gardu\u00f1o, J.C. (2022). Environmental Nanoparticles Reach Human Fetal Brains. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020410"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer Disease: Pathobiology and Targeting Strategies","volume":"15","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900345106","article-title":"Fibrillar Amyloid-Beta Burden in Cognitively Normal People at 3 Levels of Genetic Risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"106","author":"Reiman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89ra57","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002156","article-title":"Human ApoE Isoforms Differentially Regulate Brain Amyloid-\u03b2 Peptide Clearance","volume":"3","author":"Castellano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.159","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study Implicates the APOE Locus in Nonpathological Cognitive Ageing","volume":"19","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac216","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac216","article-title":"In Alzheimer-Prone Brain Regions, Metabolism and Risk-Gene Expression Are Strongly Correlated","volume":"4","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01127-0","article-title":"Peripheral ApoE4 Enhances Alzheimer\u2019s Pathology and Impairs Cognition by Compromising Cerebrovascular Function","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.04.008","article-title":"Air Pollution, Cognitive Deficits and Brain Abnormalities: A Pilot Study with Children and Dogs","volume":"68","author":"Ontiveros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2009.02.117","article-title":"Urban Air Pollution: Influences on Olfactory Function and Pathology in Exposed Children and Young Adults","volume":"62","author":"Osnaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108574","article-title":"Combustion and Friction-Derived Nanoparticles and Industrial-Sourced Nanoparticles: The Culprit of Alzheimer and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases","volume":"176","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.027","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in the Olfactory Bulbs of Infants, Children, Teens and Adults \u226440 Years in Metropolitan Mexico City. APOE4 Carriers at Higher Risk of Suicide Accelerate Their Olfactory Bulb Pathology","volume":"166","author":"Kulesza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as, L., Stommel, E.W., Lachmann, I., Waniek, K., Chao, C.-K., Gonz\u00e1lez-Maciel, A., Garc\u00eda-Rojas, E., Torres-Jard\u00f3n, R., Delgado-Ch\u00e1vez, R., and Mukherjee, P.S. (2022). TDP-43 CSF Concentrations Increase Exponentially with Age in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Urbanites Highly Exposed to PM2.5 and Ultrafine Particles and Historically Showing Alzheimer and Parkinson\u2019s Hallmarks. Brain TDP-43 Pathology in MMC Residents Is Associated with High Cisternal CSF TDP-43 Concentrations. Toxics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100559"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as, L., Hern\u00e1ndez-Luna, J., Mukherjee, P.S., Styner, M., Ch\u00e1vez-Franco, D.A., Lu\u00e9vano-Castro, S.C., Crespo-Cort\u00e9s, C.N., Stommel, E.W., and Torres-Jard\u00f3n, R. (2022). Hemispheric Cortical, Cerebellar and Caudate Atrophy Associated to Cognitive Impairment in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Adults Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution. Toxics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040156"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109181","article-title":"Investigating the plasma-liver-brain axis of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism in mouse knock-in for the human apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele","volume":"111","author":"Husain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104809","article-title":"Beyond the CNS: The Many Peripheral Roles of APOE","volume":"138","author":"Devanney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101238","article-title":"Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Lipoprotein Metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Heeren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102569","article-title":"Silica Nanoparticles Aggravated the Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through Disturbed Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolisms-Mediated Oxidative Stress","volume":"59","author":"Abulikemu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134306","article-title":"Peripheral versus Central Nervous System APOE in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Interplay across the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"708","author":"Chernick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104755","article-title":"ApoE and Cerebral Insulin: Trafficking, Receptors, and Resistance","volume":"137","author":"Rhea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114127","article-title":"From Degenerative Disease to Malignant Tumors: Insight to the Function of ApoE","volume":"158","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.08.025","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E: Structure and Function in Lipid Metabolism, Neurobiology, and Alzheimer\u2019s Diseases","volume":"72 Pt A","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"268","article-title":"Role of the Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Determining Normal Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Variation","volume":"37","author":"Sing","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekblad, L.L., Tuisku, J., Koivum\u00e4ki, M., Helin, S., Rinne, J.O., and Snellman, A. (2023). Insulin resistance and body mass index are associated with TSPO PET in cognitively unimpaired elderly. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 271678X231172519.","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231172519"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55483","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409324200","article-title":"Impaired Recycling of Apolipoprotein E4 Is Associated with Intracellular Cholesterol Accumulation","volume":"279","author":"Heeren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.025","article-title":"Metabolic Interplay between White, Beige, Brown Adipocytes and the Liver","volume":"64","author":"Scheja","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00569-1","article-title":"Liver-Ing in Your Head Rent Free: Peripheral ApoE4 Drives CNS Pathology","volume":"17","author":"Golden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114396","article-title":"A Brief History of Long Circulating Nanoparticles","volume":"188","author":"Haroon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, D., Sohn, J., and Kirichenko, A. (2022). Quantifying Liver Heterogeneity via R2*-MRI with Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION) to Characterize Liver Function and Tumor. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215269"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121457","article-title":"Mechanistic Contributions of Kupffer Cells and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Nanoparticle-Induced Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance","volume":"283","author":"Casey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arsiwala, T., Vogt, A.-C.S., Barton, A.E., Manolova, V., Funk, F., Fl\u00fchmann, B., and Bachmann, M.F. (2022). Kupffer Cells and Blood Monocytes Orchestrate the Clearance of Iron-Carbohydrate Nanoparticles from Serum. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052666"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970938","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.970938","article-title":"The C1q-ApoE Complex: A New Hallmark Pathology of Viral Hepatitis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"13","author":"Habenicht","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312736","article-title":"Diesel Exhaust Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia, and Liver Steatosis","volume":"39","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153459","article-title":"Elevated Emissions of Volatile and Nonvolatile Nanoparticles from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Running on Diesel-Gas Co-Fuels","volume":"821","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.104989","article-title":"Hippocampal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Following Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticles in Male and Female Mice","volume":"145","author":"Ehsanifar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"489","article-title":"Evaluation of Exposure to Nano-Sized Particles among Transport and Vehicle Service Workers","volume":"72","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Pract."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milici, A., and Talavera, K. (2021). TRP Channels as Cellular Targets of Particulate Matter. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052783"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967899","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.967899","article-title":"Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"9","author":"Meroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136955","article-title":"Adverse Effects and Underlying Mechanism of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in Liver","volume":"311","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4099","article-title":"Toxicity of Orally Administered Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0105browska-Bouta, B., Sulkowski, G., Gewartowska, M., and Stru\u017cy\u0144ska, L. (2022). Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Underlies Nanosilver-Induced Neurotoxicity in Immature Rat Brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113013"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23471","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141223471","article-title":"Up-Regulation of MRNA Ventricular PRNP Prion Protein Gene Expression in Air Pollution Highly Exposed Young Urbanites: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Glucose Regulated Protein 78, and Nanosized Particles","volume":"14","author":"Harritt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108567","article-title":"Combustion- and Friction-Derived Magnetic Air Pollution Nanoparticles in Human Hearts","volume":"176","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01733","article-title":"Environmental Fe, Ti, Al, Cu, Hg, Bi, and Si Nanoparticles in the Atrioventricular Conduction Axis and the Associated Ultrastructural Damage in Young Urbanites: Cardiac Arrhythmias Caused by Anthropogenic, Industrial, E-Waste, and Indoor Nanoparticles","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozen, E., Mihaylova, R.G., Lord, N.J., Lovegrove, J.A., and Jackson, K.G. (2022). Association between APOE Genotype with Body Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers Is Modulated by BMI in Healthy Adults: Findings from the BODYCON Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179766"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15306","article-title":"Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Lipids May Be Protective Factors for Pathological Changes of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Cognitively Normal Adults","volume":"157","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25882","article-title":"Sex- and Age-Specific Associations between Cardiometabolic Risk and White Matter Brain Age in the UK Biobank Cohort","volume":"43","author":"Subramaniapillai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2215371120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215371120","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 Has Extensive Conformational Heterogeneity in Lipid-Free and Lipid-Bound Forms","volume":"120","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazar, A.-N., Hanbouch, L., Boussicaut, L., Fourmaux, B., Daira, P., Millan, M.J., Bernoud-Hubac, N., and Potier, M.-C. (2022). Lipid Dys-Homeostasis Contributes to APOE4-Associated AD Pathology. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202209.0235.v1"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.017","article-title":"Cholesterol and Matrisome Pathways Dysregulated in Astrocytes and Microglia","volume":"185","author":"Tcw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00904-7","article-title":"Revisiting the Neurovascular Unit","volume":"24","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18085","article-title":"Hypertension, Neurovascular Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"80","author":"Santisteban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ando, T., Uchida, K., Sugimoto, T., Kimura, A., Saji, N., Niida, S., and Sakurai, T. (2022). ApoE4 Is Associated with Lower Body Mass, Particularly Fat Mass, in Older Women with Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030539"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01121-5","article-title":"Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Improved Cognition and Larger Brain Volumes in At-Risk APOE4 Women: Results from the European Prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (EPAD) Cohort","volume":"15","author":"Saleh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)00021-6","article-title":"Staging of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Related Neurofibrillary Changes","volume":"16","author":"Braak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.11.008","article-title":"To Stage, or Not to Stage","volume":"61","author":"Braak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7220-x","article-title":"Tauopathies","volume":"64","author":"Avila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy152","article-title":"Spreading of Tau Pathology in Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Along Cortico-Cortical Top-Down Connections","volume":"28","author":"Braak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12192","article-title":"Hypothesis: Tau Pathology Is an Initiating Factor in Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"17","author":"Arnsten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01255-x","article-title":"Anatomic Survey of Seeding in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Brains Reveals Unexpected Patterns","volume":"9","author":"Stopschinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01457-x","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence-Derived Neurofibrillary Tangle Burden Is Associated with Antemortem Cognitive Impairment","volume":"10","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as, L., Gonz\u00e1lez-Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., Silva-Pereyra, H.G., Torres-Jard\u00f3n, R., Brito-Aguilar, R., Ayala, A., Stommel, E.W., and Delgado-Ch\u00e1vez, R. (2022). Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter. Toxics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040164"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220850","article-title":"Fall Risk, Sleep Behavior, and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution","volume":"91","author":"Kulesza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.003","article-title":"The Physiology, Pathology, and Potential Therapeutic Applications of the TREM2 Signaling Pathway","volume":"181","author":"Deczkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.022","article-title":"TREM2-Independent Microgliosis Promotes Tau-Mediated Neurodegeneration in the Presence of ApoE4","volume":"111","author":"Gratuze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.12.032","article-title":"ApoE4 Makes Microglia Trem2bling","volume":"111","author":"Heneka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vontell, R.T., de Rivero Vaccari, J.P., Sun, X., Gultekin, S.H., Bramlett, H.M., Dietrich, W.D., and Keane, R.W. (2022). Identification of Inflammasome Signaling Proteins in Neurons and Microglia in Early and Intermediate Stages of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Brain Pathol., e13142.","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13142"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00759-y","article-title":"LilrB3 Is a Putative Cell Surface Receptor of APOE4","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Civeira-Mar\u00edn, M., Cenarro, A., Marco-Bened\u00ed, V., Bea, A.M., Mateo-Gallego, R., Moreno-Franco, B., Ordov\u00e1s, J.M., Laclaustra, M., Civeira, F., and Lamiquiz-Moneo, I. (2022). APOE Genotypes Modulate Inflammation Independently of Their Effect on Lipid Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112947"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00590-4","article-title":"APOE Effects on Regional Tau in Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05439-w","article-title":"APOE4 Impairs Myelination via Cholesterol Dysregulation in Oligodendrocytes","volume":"611","author":"Blanchard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15748","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E \u03954 Disrupts Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Interfering with Astrocyte-Derived Lipid Transport","volume":"165","author":"Mok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.031","article-title":"Prefrontal White Matter Pathology in Air Pollution Exposed Mexico City Young Urbanites and Their Potential Impact on Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction and the Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"146","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109137","article-title":"Alzheimer Disease Starts in Childhood in Polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A Major Health Crisis in Progress","volume":"183","author":"Kulesza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795685","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.795685","article-title":"Protein Quality Control at the Mitochondrial Surface","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04604-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial Proteotoxicity: Implications and Ubiquitin-Dependent Quality Control Mechanisms","volume":"79","author":"Karbowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"1095923","article-title":"Dysfunctional Mitochondrial Processes Contribute to Energy Perturbations in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Weissenberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217752351","article-title":"Regulation of Mitophagy by the Ubiquitin Pathway in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"243","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinaldi, L., Senatore, E., Iannucci, R., Chiuso, F., and Feliciello, A. (2023). Control of Mitochondrial Activity by the Ubiquitin Code in Health and Cancer. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020234"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059120","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1059120","article-title":"Genome-Wide Characterization of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in Human Brain","volume":"13","author":"Devall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25151","article-title":"Emerging Mitochondrial-Mediated Mechanisms Involved in Oligodendrocyte Development","volume":"101","author":"Gil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pires, M., and Rego, A.C. (2023). Apoe4 and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis-Mitochondrial Deregulation and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010778"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102684","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 Targets Mitochondria and the Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Complex in Neuropathology, Including Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"79","author":"Mahley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16062","article-title":"Mitophagy: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Neuroprotection during Ageing and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"180","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn4705","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn4705","article-title":"Mitochondria Metabolism Sets the Species-Specific Tempo of Neuronal Development","volume":"379","author":"Iwata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03128-3","article-title":"Inflammatory Milieu Induces Mitochondrial Alterations and Neuronal Activations in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons in a Time-Dependent Manner","volume":"60","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0391509","article-title":"Mitochondrial Quality Control by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System","volume":"39","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2010.07.005","article-title":"Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Mitochondria\u2014Reciprocity","volume":"1809","author":"Glickman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Karmon, O., Das, K., Wiener, R., Lehming, N., and Pines, O. (2022). Ubiquitination Occurs in the Mitochondrial Matrix by Eclipsed Targeted Components of the Ubiquitination Machinery. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.15252\/rc.2022172843"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102651","article-title":"Amyloid Precursor Protein and Mitochondria","volume":"78","author":"Strope","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt, L.O., and Gaspar, J.M. (2023). Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010086"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradeepkiran, J.A., Baig, J., Selman, A., and Reddy, P.H. (2023). Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Focus on Mitophagy. Neuroscientist, 10738584221139760.","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584221139761"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01631-6","article-title":"Mitophagy in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Molecular Defects and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"28","author":"Mary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041444","article-title":"Emerging Roles of Endothelial Nitric Oxide in Preservation of Cognitive Health","volume":"54","author":"Katusic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"107","article-title":"Fine Particles That Adsorb Lipopolysaccharide via Bridging Calcium Cations May Mimic Bacterial Pathogenicity towards Cells","volume":"232","author":"Ashwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.25.163","article-title":"Intra-City Differences in Cardiac Expression of Inflammatory Genes and Inflammasomes in Young Urbanites: A Pilot Study","volume":"25","author":"Dale","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190074","article-title":"The Effects of APOE4 on Mitochondrial Dynamics and Proteins in Vivo","volume":"70","author":"Simonovitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2404","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009582","article-title":"Effect of ApoE Isoforms on Mitochondria in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"94","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190048","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Focus on Mitochondria","volume":"72","author":"Oliver","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181184","article-title":"Neuronal Apolipoprotein E4 Expression Results in Proteome-Wide Alterations and Compromises Bioenergetic Capacity by Disrupting Mitochondrial Function","volume":"68","author":"Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540614","article-title":"ApoE4 Upregulates the Activity of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes","volume":"17","author":"Tambini","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881239","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.881239","article-title":"A Review of ApoE4 Interference Targeting Mitophagy Molecular Pathways for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104795","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and oxidative stress in brain with relevance to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"138","author":"Butterfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.003","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 Impairs Neuronal Insulin Signaling by Trapping Insulin Receptor in the Endosomes","volume":"96","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","article-title":"ApoE4 Impairs Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling of Fatty Acid Metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.12.070","article-title":"Age-Associated Alterations of Brain Mitochondria Energetics","volume":"643","author":"Gainutdinov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617722000030","article-title":"APOE Effects on Late Life Cognitive Trajectories in Diverse Racial\/Ethnic Groups","volume":"29","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12699","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype, Dementia, and Memory Performance among Caribbean Hispanic versus US Populations","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12435","article-title":"Genetic Risk, Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle, and Cognitive Decline in African Americans and European Americans","volume":"18","author":"Dhana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000521898","article-title":"The Link between APOE4 Presence and Neuropsychological Test Performance among Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites of the Multiethnic Health & Aging Brain Study\u2014Health Disparities Cohort","volume":"51","author":"Barber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199803000-00012","article-title":"The Apolipoprotein E Phenotype Has a Strong Influence on Tracking of Serum Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels in Children: A Follow-up Study from Birth to the Age of 11 Years","volume":"43","author":"Kallio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.04.009","article-title":"Effects of Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Blood Cholesterol in Adolescent Girls","volume":"37","author":"Fulton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14419","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Egyptian Adolescent Girls and Its Association with Apolipoprotein E","volume":"55","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child. Health"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161299","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4, Gender, Body Mass Index, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Air Pollution Interactions: Recipe for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Development in Mexico City Young Females","volume":"58","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.026","article-title":"Interactive and Additive Influences of Gender, BMI and Apolipoprotein 4 on Cognition in Children Chronically Exposed to High Concentrations of PM2.5 and Ozone. APOE 4 Females Are at Highest Risk in Mexico City","volume":"150","author":"Jewells","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13987","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms and Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Infants Born Preterm: A Large Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study","volume":"61","author":"Dzietko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033432","article-title":"Association of ApoE Genotypes and Recovery from Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants","volume":"53","author":"Humberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12086","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Severity of Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Study in 255 Children in Norway","volume":"55","author":"Lien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181cb8e68","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 and Sex Affect Neurobehavioral Performance in Primary School Children","volume":"67","author":"Acevedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37007","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10812","article-title":"Cognitive Development and Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure in the CHAMACOS Cohort","volume":"131","author":"Holm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014780","article-title":"Cognitive Ability at Age 11 and 70 Years, Information Processing Speed, and APOE Variation: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study","volume":"24","author":"Luciano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.004","article-title":"Decreased Cognition in Children with Risk Factors for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"64","author":"Bloss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2006.0525","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Genotypic Frequencies among Down Syndrome Patients Imply Early Unsuccessful Aging for ApoE4 Carriers","volume":"10","author":"Forte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265818.88703.83","article-title":"APOE Epsilon 4 Allele, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children","volume":"69","author":"Gozal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200107000-00007","article-title":"Using Census Data and Birth Certificates to Reconstruct the Early-Life Socioeconomic Environment and the Relation to the Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Moceri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588","article-title":"Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Related to Traffic-Based Air Pollution during Pregnancy","volume":"188","author":"Shih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30877-5","article-title":"Exposure to Local, Source-Specific Ambient Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Autism in Children: A Cohort Study from Southern Sweden","volume":"13","author":"Flanagan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29843-y","article-title":"DNA Methylation Is Associated with Prenatal Exposure to Sulfur Dioxide and Childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"US EPA (2023, March 29). Criteria Pollutant Standards O. NAAQS Table, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/criteria-air-pollutants\/naaqs-table."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.09.006","article-title":"Exposure to Severe Urban Air Pollution Influences Cognitive Outcomes, Brain Volume and Systemic Inflammation in Clinically Healthy Children","volume":"77","author":"Engle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110356","article-title":"Hippocampal Volume Differences between Healthy Young Apolipoprotein E \u03952 and \u03954 Carriers","volume":"26","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_159","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Nuremberg Air Quality Index (AQI) and Germany Air Pollution|IQAir. Available online: https:\/\/www.iqair.com\/us\/germany\/bavaria\/nuremberg."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Dwyer, L., Lamberton, F., Matura, S., Tanner, C., Scheibe, M., Miller, J., Rujescu, D., Prvulovic, D., and Hampel, H. (2012). Reduced Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Young ApoE4 Carriers: An MRI Study. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048895"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4544","article-title":"Brain Differences in Infants at Differential Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease: A Cross-Sectional Imaging Study","volume":"71","author":"Dean","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_162","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Socioeconomic Status (SES-Child)\u2014Nathan Kline Institute\u2014Rockland Sample Documentation. Available online: http:\/\/fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org\/indi\/enhanced\/assessments\/ses-child.html."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"Rhode Island (2023, March 29). Air Quality: Department of Health, Available online: https:\/\/health.ri.gov\/data\/airquality\/."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131841","article-title":"No Differences in Hippocampal Volume between Carriers and Non-Carriers of the ApoE \u03954 and \u03952 Alleles in Young Healthy Adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002939","article-title":"Gray Matter Maturation and Cognition in Children with Different APOE \u03b5 Genotypes","volume":"87","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117243","article-title":"Longitudinal White Matter and Cognitive Development in Pediatric Carriers of the Apolipoprotein \u03954 Allele","volume":"222","author":"Remer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726197","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/726197","article-title":"The Apolipoprotein e Antagonistic Pleiotropy Hypothesis: Review and Recommendations","volume":"2011","author":"Tuminello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.046","article-title":"Apolipoprotein \u03954 Is Associated with Better Cognitive Control Allocation in Healthy Young Adults","volume":"185","author":"Zink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9913-1","article-title":"1H MRS Spectroscopy in Preclinical Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer Disease","volume":"13","author":"Joe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jett, S., Dyke, J.P., Boneu Yepez, C., Zarate, C., Carlton, C., Schelbaum, E., Jang, G., Pahlajani, S., Williams, S., and Diaz Brinton, R. (2023). Effects of Sex and APOE \u03954 Genotype on Brain Mitochondrial High-Energy Phosphates in Midlife Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A 31Phosphorus MR Spectroscopy Study. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281302"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2022.100121","article-title":"Phosphorus Metabolism in the Brain of Cognitively Normal Midlife Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"2","author":"Parasoglou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage Rep."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695416","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.695416","article-title":"Reduced Hippocampal GABA+ Is Associated with Poorer Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Women: A Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Igwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004421","article-title":"1H-MRS Metabolites and Rate of \u03b2-Amyloid Accumulation on Serial PET in Clinically Normal Adults","volume":"89","author":"Nedelska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002672","article-title":"Myo-Inositol Changes Precede Amyloid Pathology and Relate to APOE Genotype in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"86","author":"Voevodskaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0783-7","article-title":"Decreased Brain Creatine Levels in Elderly Apolipoprotein E Epsilon 4 Carriers","volume":"110","author":"Laakso","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Abrigo, J., Liu, W., Han, E.Y., Yeung, D.K.W., Shi, L., Au, L.W.C., Deng, M., Chen, S., and Leung, E.Y.L. (2022). Lower Posterior Cingulate N-Acetylaspartate to Creatine Level in Early Detection of Biologically Defined Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060722"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.010","article-title":"1H MR Spectroscopy Biomarkers of Neuronal and Synaptic Function Are Associated with Tau Deposition in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults","volume":"112","author":"Kara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.06.006","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid Beta, Tau Levels, Apolipoprotein, and 1H-MRS Brain Metabolites in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"28","author":"Piersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.016","article-title":"Relationships between Frontal Metabolites and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Biomarkers in Cognitively Normal Older Adults","volume":"109","author":"Bohsali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02449-2","article-title":"Recent Update on the Heterogeneity of the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Spectrum","volume":"129","author":"Jellinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a Biological Definition of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00066-1","article-title":"Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Recommendations of the International Working Group","volume":"20","author":"Dubois","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00533-w","article-title":"The Probabilistic Model of Alzheimer Disease: The Amyloid Hypothesis Revised","volume":"23","author":"Frisoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1741","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Phenotype of Quadruple Misfolded Proteins in Older Adults","volume":"77","author":"Karanth","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.038","article-title":"Concentrations and Properties of Airborne Particles in the Mexico City Subway System","volume":"49","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunn, M.J., Jim\u00e9nez, J.L., Baumgardner, D., Castro, T., McMurry, P.H., and Smith, J.N. (2004). Measurements of Mexico City nanoparticle size distributions: Observations of new particle formation and growth. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019483"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.09.017","article-title":"Nanoparticle Size Distributions in Mexico City","volume":"11","author":"Caudillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117044","article-title":"Particle Exposure and Inhaled Dose While Commuting by Public Transport in Mexico City","volume":"219","author":"Velasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-4261-2009","article-title":"The Time Evolution of Aerosol Size Distribution over the Mexico City Plateau","volume":"9","author":"Kleinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson, M.A., Shulyatnikova, T., Banks, W.A., and Hayden, M.R. (2023). Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Unit by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021640"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv236","article-title":"The Preclinical Phase of the Pathological Process Underlying Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"138","author":"Braak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww224","article-title":"TDP-43 Stage, Mixed Pathologies, and Clinical Alzheimer\u2019s-Type Dementia","volume":"139","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac043","article-title":"Psychiatric Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia and Subcortical (Co-)Pathology Burden: New Insights","volume":"146","author":"Scarioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181285","article-title":"Associations between Comorbid TDP-43, Lewy Body Pathology, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"69","author":"Bayram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009763","article-title":"Subtypes of Dementia with Lewy Bodies Are Associated with \u03b1-Synuclein and Tau Distribution","volume":"95","author":"Ferman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virgilio, E., De Marchi, F., Contaldi, E., Dianzani, U., Cantello, R., Mazzini, L., and Comi, C. (2022). The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040760"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercan, D., and Heneka, M.T. (2022). The Contribution of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenaline System Degeneration during the Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121822"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110087","article-title":"Gait and Balance Disturbances Are Common in Young Urbanites and Associated with Cognitive Impairment. Air Pollution and the Historical Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the Young","volume":"191","author":"Kulesza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160472","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Highly Exposed PM2.5 Urbanites: The Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases in Young Mexico City Residents","volume":"54","author":"Chao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"183","article-title":"Brain Immune Interactions and Air Pollution: Macrophage Inhibitory Factor (MIF), Prion Cellular Protein (PrP(C)), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra), and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in Cerebrospinal Fluid and MIF in Serum Differentiate Urban Children Exposed to Severe vs. Low Air Pollution","volume":"7","author":"Cross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180853","article-title":"Non-Phosphorylated Tau in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is a Marker of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Continuum in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution","volume":"66","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites","volume":"68","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_203","first-page":"794071","article-title":"Metals, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, and Cognitive Decline","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190405","article-title":"Increased Gain in the Auditory Pathway, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Continuum, and Air Pollution: Peripheral and Central Auditory System Dysfunction Evolves Across Pediatric and Adult Urbanites","volume":"70","author":"Kulesza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.026","article-title":"Exposures to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Ozone above USA Standards Are Associated with Auditory Brainstem Dysmorphology and Abnormal Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potentials in Healthy Young Dogs","volume":"158","author":"Kulesza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.03.007","article-title":"Air Pollution Is Associated with Brainstem Auditory Nuclei Pathology and Delayed Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials","volume":"29","author":"Kulesza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alipour-Haris, G., Armstrong, M.J., Sullivan, J.L., Survadevara, U., Rouhizadeh, M., and Brown, J.D. (2022). Suicidal Ideation and Suicide-Attempt-Related Hospitalizations among People with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) and AD-Related Dementias in the United States during 2016-2018. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040943"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.046","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype, inflammatory biomarkers, and non-psychiatric multimorbidity contribute to the suicidal ideation phenotype in older age. The Salus in Apulia Study","volume":"319","author":"Lozupone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramova, O., Soloveva, K., Zorkina, Y., Gryadunov, D., Ikonnikova, A., Fedoseeva, E., Emelyanova, M., Ochneva, A., Andriushchenko, N., and Pavlov, K. (2022). Suicide-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, rs4918918 and rs10903034: Association with Dementia in Older Adults. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112174"},{"key":"ref_210","unstructured":"(2023, March 22). Education in Mexico. Available online: https:\/\/www.planeacion.sep.gob.mx\/Doc\/estadistica_e_indicadores\/principales_cifras\/principales_cifras_2020_2021_bolsillo.pdf."},{"key":"ref_211","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). OECD Mexico. Available online: https:\/\/gpseducation.oecd.org\/Content\/EAGCountryNotes\/EAG2022_Mexico.pdf."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1791","article-title":"Phases of A beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD","volume":"58","author":"Thal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12694","article-title":"Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum","volume":"19","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-03056-x","article-title":"Clusters of Lifestyle Behaviours and Their Associations with Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Dutch Toddlers","volume":"62","author":"Krijger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004","article-title":"Cognitive Reserve","volume":"47","author":"Stern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litkouhi, P.N., Numbers, K., Valenzuela, M., Crawford, J.D., Lam, B.C.P., Litkouhi, P.N., Sachdev, P.S., Kochan, N.A., and Brodaty, H. (2023). Critical Periods for Cognitive Reserve Building Activities for Late Life Global Cognition and Cognitive Decline: The Sydney Memory and Aging Cohort Study. Neuropsychol. Dev. Cogn. B Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2023.2181941"},{"key":"ref_217","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Poverty in Mexico|CONEVAL. Available online: https:\/\/www.coneval.org.mx\/Medicion\/Paginas\/PobrezaInicio.aspx."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-023-00914-z","article-title":"Risk, Lifestyle and Non-Communicable Diseases of Poverty","volume":"19","author":"Manderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01198-6","article-title":"Purpose in Life Promotes Resilience to Age-Related Brain Burden in Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"15","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayyubova, G. (2023). Apoe4 Is A Risk Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug. Targets.","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527322666230303114425"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901403","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.901403","article-title":"Depression Is Differentially Related to Cognitive and Biomarker Outcomes among Mexican Americans","volume":"13","author":"Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/6\/927\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:46:38Z","timestamp":1760125598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/6\/927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":221,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13060927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13060927","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]}}}