{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:18:18Z","timestamp":1790363898115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"the Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"the Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["DEQ20130326503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20130326503"]}]},{"name":"the Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["RS19\/75-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS19\/75-127"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["DEQ20130326503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20130326503"]}]},{"name":"Fondation de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["RS19\/75-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS19\/75-127"]}]},{"name":"La Ligue Contre le Cancer","award":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"La Ligue Contre le Cancer","award":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"La Ligue Contre le Cancer","award":["DEQ20130326503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20130326503"]}]},{"name":"La Ligue Contre le Cancer","award":["RS19\/75-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS19\/75-127"]}]},{"name":"Plan de Relance 2021 and the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Plan de Relance 2021 and the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Plan de Relance 2021 and the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["DEQ20130326503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20130326503"]}]},{"name":"Plan de Relance 2021 and the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["RS19\/75-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS19\/75-127"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE16-0025-01 \u00ab mitoGPCR \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV4-0001 \u00ab MELATOVID \u00bb"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["DEQ20130326503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20130326503"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["RS19\/75-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS19\/75-127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin is a fascinating molecule that has captured the imagination of many scientists since its discovery in 1958. In recent times, the focus has changed from investigating its natural role as a transducer of biological time for physiological systems to hypothesized roles in virtually all clinical conditions. This goes along with the appearance of extensive literature claiming the (generally) positive benefits of high doses of melatonin in animal models and various clinical situations that would not be receptor-mediated. Based on the assumption that melatonin is safe, high doses have been administered to patients, including the elderly and children, in clinical trials. In this review, we critically review the corresponding literature, including the hypotheses that melatonin acts as a scavenger molecule, in particular in mitochondria, by trying not only to contextualize these interests but also by attempting to separate the wheat from the chaff (or the wishful thinking from the facts). We conclude that most claims remain hypotheses and that the experimental evidence used to promote them is limited and sometimes flawed. Our review will hopefully encourage clinical researchers to reflect on what melatonin can and cannot do and help move the field forward on a solid basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Melatonin: Facts, Extrapolations and Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Boutin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Normandy, INSERM U1239, 76000 Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Kennaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jockers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01543a060","article-title":"Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes","volume":"80","author":"Lerner","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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