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Anti-TNF biologicals revolutionised the treatment of CD, yet many patients do not adequately respond to such therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated a pro-inflammatory pattern in the composition of CD patients\u2019 immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycome compared to healthy individuals. Here, we utilised the high-throughput UHPLC method for N-glycan analysis to explore the longitudinal effect of the anti-TNF drugs infliximab and adalimumab on N-glycome composition of total serum IgG in 198 patients, as well as the predictive potential of IgG N-glycans at baseline to detect primary non-responders to anti-TNF therapy in 1315 patients. We discovered a significant decrease in IgG agalactosylation and an increase in monogalactosylation, digalactosylation and sialylation during the 14 weeks of anti-TNF treatment, regardless of therapy response, all of which suggested a diminished inflammatory environment in CD patients treated with anti-TNF therapy. Furthermore, we observed that IgG N-glycome might contain certain information regarding the anti-TNF therapy outcome before initiating the treatment. However, it is impossible to predict future primary non-responders to anti-TNF therapy based solely on IgG N-glycome composition at baseline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:58:32Z","timestamp":1686193112000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anti-TNF Biologicals Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of IgG N-Glycome in Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Hani\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frano","family":"Vu\u010dkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Deri\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0965-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Bewshea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Goodhand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Trbojevi\u0107-Akma\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordan","family":"Lauc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PANTS Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020). 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