{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:04:01Z","timestamp":1785528241931,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MU Interdisciplinary Center on Aging"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A large number of individual potentially modifiable factors are associated with risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). However, less is known about the interactions between the individual factors. Methods: In order to begin to examine the relationship between a pair of factors, we performed a pilot study, surveying patients with AD and controls for stress exposure and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake to explore their relationship for risk of AD. Results: For individuals with the greatest stress exposure, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly greater in healthy controls than in AD patients. There was no difference among those with low stress exposure. Conclusions: These initial results begin to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may mitigate AD risk in the setting of greater stress exposure. This will need to be examined with larger populations and other pairs of risk factors to better understand these important relationships. Examining how individual risk factors interact will ultimately be important for learning how to optimally decrease the risk of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1688949321000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Stress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn B.","family":"Hartnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke E.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel I.","family":"Shenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Mehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family & Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Fritsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A.","family":"Belury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Scharre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strock Medical Group, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briana M.","family":"Kille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briann E.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Tatum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Palliative Medicine; Washington University. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6420-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Michael","family":"Greenlief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-0634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Q.","family":"Beversdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine approaches in Alzheimer disease and other neurocognitive disorders","volume":"120","author":"Beversdorf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mo. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201462","article-title":"Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update","volume":"81","author":"Krivanek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201231","article-title":"Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors With Incident Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201182","article-title":"Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Clinical Factors Associated with Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"80","author":"Loeffler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221982","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21982","article-title":"Association of Mediterranean Diet With Cognitive Decline Among Diverse Hispanic or Latino Adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos","volume":"5","author":"Moustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2920","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012067","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age","volume":"96","author":"Ballarini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreu-Rein\u00f3n, M.E., Chirlaque, M.D., Gavrila, D., Amiano, P., Mar, J., Tainta, M., Ardanaz, E., Larumbe, R., Colorado-Yohar, S.M., and Navarro-Mateu, F. (2021). Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the EPIC-Spain Dementia Cohort Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020700"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-171121","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet, Its Components, and Amyloid Imaging Biomarkers","volume":"64","author":"Vassilaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0293-5","article-title":"Mediterranean diet adherence and rate of cerebral A\u03b2-amyloid accumulation: Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1789","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005527","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and 3-year Alzheimer brain biomarker changes in middle-aged adults","volume":"90","author":"Berti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003559","article-title":"Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a Scottish cohort","volume":"88","author":"Luciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00957-1","article-title":"MIND diet and the risk of dementia: A population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Mooldijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.04.011","article-title":"MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.12.011","article-title":"MIND not Mediterranean diet related to 12-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an Australian longitudinal cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Hosking","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180184","article-title":"Improvement of Main Cognitive Functions in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease after Treatment with Coconut Oil Enriched Mediterranean Diet: A Pilot Study","volume":"65","author":"Drehmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.11.036","article-title":"Changes in a specific dietary pattern and incident dementia: A prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001638","article-title":"Healthy eating and reduced risk of cognitive decline: A cohort from 40 countries","volume":"84","author":"Smyth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.10.001","article-title":"Dietary changes and cognition over 2 years within a multidomain intervention trial-The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER)","volume":"15","author":"Lehtisalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004815","article-title":"Nutrients and bioactives in green leafy vegetables and cognitive decline: Prospective study","volume":"90","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S221074","article-title":"The Association Between Eating Green Vegetables Every Day And Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1571011","article-title":"Consumption of fruits and vegetables: Improved physical health, mental health, physical functioning and cognitive health in older adults from 11 European countries","volume":"24","author":"Gehlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz076","article-title":"Intake of Vegetables and Fruits through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population","volume":"149","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00018","article-title":"Increased Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables Is Related to a Reduced Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006684","article-title":"Long-term intake of vegetables and fruits and subjective cognitive function in US men","volume":"92","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451700109X","article-title":"Citrus consumption and incident dementia in elderly Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02655-4","article-title":"Dietary and supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as moderators of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"61","author":"Wood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala-Vila, A., Satizabal, C.L., Tintle, N., Melo van Lent, D., Vasan, R.S., Beiser, A.S., Seshadri, S., and Harris, W.S. (2022). Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122408"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab016","article-title":"DHA intake relates to better cerebrovascular and neurodegeneration neuroimaging phenotypes in middle-aged adults at increased genetic risk of Alzheimer disease","volume":"113","author":"Fauria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15160","article-title":"A gene-environment interplay between omega-3 supplementation and APOE \u03b54 provides insights for Alzheimer\u2019s disease precise prevention amongst high-genetic-risk population","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002719","article-title":"APOE \u03b54 and the associations of seafood and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with cognitive decline","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1324357","article-title":"Determinants of fluid intelligence in healthy aging: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and frontoparietal cortex structure","volume":"21","author":"Zamroziewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1453-8","article-title":"Fish consumption, intake of fats and cognitive decline at middle and older age: The Doetinchem Cohort Study","volume":"57","author":"Nooyens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1510","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A randomized trial","volume":"304","author":"Quinn","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4899","article-title":"Association of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation with Alzheimer Disease Stage in Apolipoprotein E \u03b54 Carriers: A Review","volume":"74","author":"Yassine","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6552","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5173-06.2007","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors differentially regulate stress-induced tau phosphorylation","volume":"27","author":"Rissman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096167.56734.59","article-title":"Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"61","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14299","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3593-07.2007","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA: LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD): Relevance to AD prevention","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3180313a45","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, omega-6: Omega-3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults","volume":"69","author":"Belury","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.09.004","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Epel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.08.214","article-title":"Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates","volume":"98","author":"Butler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4899","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Progression to Dementia: Follow-up of the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study Cohort","volume":"73","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001437","article-title":"Predicting the risk of mild cognitive impairment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging","volume":"84","author":"Pankratz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4","article-title":"The Social Readjustment Rating Scale","volume":"11","author":"Holmes","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(70)90008-5","article-title":"Prediction of near-future health change from subjects\u2019 preceding life changes","volume":"14","author":"Rahe","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2007.05.003","article-title":"Development and pilot testing of an omega-3 fatty acid food frequency questionnaire","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.05.005","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire measuring n-3 fatty acid intakes in cardiac patients in the Midwest: A validation pilot study","volume":"106","author":"Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.07.007","article-title":"Validity and reliability of an omega-3 fatty acid food frequency questionnaire for first-generation Midwestern Latinas","volume":"30","author":"Lora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00528","article-title":"Lack of Associations Between Dietary Intake and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"10","author":"Ferguson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"1625","article-title":"Validation of a food frequency questionnaire in assessing the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake for Malays and Chinese elderly in Malaysia","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sains Malays."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12455","article-title":"The bioavailability of an omega-3-rich algal oil is improved by nanoemulsion technology using yogurt as a food vehicle","volume":"49","author":"Lane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/7\/1096\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:09:00Z","timestamp":1760126940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/13\/7\/1096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biom13071096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13071096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]}}}