{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T12:42:51Z","timestamp":1769863371508,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbiome dysbiosis and cytokine alternations are key features of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), two of the most prevalent and burdensome pruritic skin conditions worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-31 have been recognized to be major players who act synergistically in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different chronic inflammatory conditions and pruritic skin disorders, including AD and PsO, and their potential role as therapeutic targets is being thoroughly investigated. The bidirectional interplay between dysbiosis and immunological changes has been extensively studied, but there is still debate regarding which of these two factors is the actual causative culprit behind the aetiopathological process that ultimately leads to AD and PsO. We conducted a literature review on the Pubmed database assessing articles of immunology, dermatology, microbiology and allergology with the aim to strengthen the hypothesis that dysbiosis is at the origin of the IL-33\/IL-31 dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and PsO. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic options currently in development for the treatment of these skin conditions targeting IL-31, IL-33 and\/or the microbiome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1689039602000},"page":"1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microbiota and IL-33\/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Bonzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Borgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Miniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eustachio","family":"Nettis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.010","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 1. 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