{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:55:36Z","timestamp":1768920936443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Research Council","award":["91813603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91813603"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Research Council","award":["2007T056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007T056"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91813603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91813603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007T056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007T056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The steroid 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone is able to effectively reverse the hypercortisolemia detected in human Cushing\u2019s Syndrome patients. In this current preclinical study, we investigated whether metyrapone monotherapy can also reverse the hypercortisolemia-associated increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In this instance, female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice fed a cholic acid-containing high cholesterol\/high fat diet to induce the development of hypercorticosteronemia and atherosclerotic lesions were treated twice daily with 100 mg\/kg metyrapone for 4 weeks. Metyrapone effectively protected against hypercorticosteronemia development with endpoint plasma corticosterone levels remaining 43% lower than in controls (p &lt; 0.01). Gene expression analysis in livers and adrenals validated that glucocorticoid receptor signaling was also reduced. Importantly, metyrapone treatment did not impact plasma cholesterol levels or alter atherosclerotic plaque areas or lesional collagen contents. However, metyrapone induced significant systemic lymphocytopenia as evident from marked decreases in splenic white pulp contents and thymus weights (\u221248% and \u221241%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that treatment with metyrapone diminishes hypercorticosteronemia without affecting atherosclerosis susceptibility in cholic acid-containing high cholesterol\/high fat diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. These preclinical findings highlight that restoring plasma glucocorticoid levels to normal is not necessarily sufficient to overcome the cardiovascular co-morbidities associated with human Cushing\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1692775524000},"page":"1287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metyrapone Treatment Protects Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice against Hypercorticosteronemia Development without Changing Atherosclerosis Susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald J.","family":"van der Sluis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"van den Aardweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9178-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J. P.","family":"Sijsenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Van Eck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menno","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1252055","article-title":"Markers of atherosclerosis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: A meta-analysis of literature studies","volume":"49","author":"Lupoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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