{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:14:36Z","timestamp":1792062876685,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZQNZD005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZQNZD005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J1310024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J1310024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientists of Fujian Province","award":["32271496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271496"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientists of Fujian Province","award":["31971357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971357"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientists of Fujian Province","award":["2021ZQNZD005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZQNZD005"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientists of Fujian Province","award":["J1310024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J1310024"]}]},{"name":"NFFTBS","award":["32271496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271496"]}]},{"name":"NFFTBS","award":["31971357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971357"]}]},{"name":"NFFTBS","award":["2021ZQNZD005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZQNZD005"]}]},{"name":"NFFTBS","award":["J1310024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J1310024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating metabolic syndrome. Although dietary interventions are attractive, long-term adherence to specific diets is difficult to maintain and can lead to systemic side effects. Ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (EHB) is a commonly used food additive found in wine and Tribolium castaneum. In this study, we investigated the effects of EHB administration in cachectic mice. After a single intraperitoneal injection of EHB into mice, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) levels were significantly increased in the serum and gastrocnemius of mice. The administration of EHB alleviated cachexia-related symptoms, ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy, and improved survival in cachectic mice. In addition, the supplementation of cachectic mice with 3-HB by EHB administration significantly reduced tumor weights, indicating the anti-tumor effects of 3-HB. Remarkably, the addition of 3-HB to the culture medium significantly attenuated the C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by the culture supernatant of CT26 cell lines, highlighting its potential to counteract the destructive effects of tumor-derived elements on muscle tissue. NMR-based metabolomics analysis provided insights into the underlying mechanisms and revealed that the anti-cachexia effects of 3-HB treatment can be attributed to three key mechanisms: the promotion of the TCA cycle and the attenuation of proteolysis, the promotion of protein synthesis and the improvement of metabolic homeostasis, and a reduction in inflammation and an enhancement of the antioxidant capacity. This study provided compelling evidence for the protective effects of 3-HB treatment on the cachectic gastrocnemius and highlighted the efficacy of EHB administration as a ketone supplementation approach to achieve nutritional ketosis without the need for dietary restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:44:46Z","timestamp":1693388686000},"page":"1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ethyl 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Alleviating Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi-Qing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000517","article-title":"Cancer cachexia, a clinical challenge","volume":"31","author":"Argiles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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