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Recent studies have considered macrophages the key part of the immune system in developing EMs, inducing inflammation, the growth and invasion of the ectopic endometrium, and angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel intercellular vesicle traffic, can be secreted by many kinds of cells, including macrophages. By carrying long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), or other molecules, EVs can regulate the biological functions of macrophages in an autocrine and paracrine manner, including ectopic lesion growth, immune dysfunction, angiogenesis, and can further accelerate the progression of EMs. In this review, the interactions between macrophages and EVs for the pathogenesis of EMs are summarized. Notably, the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms of EVs secreted by macrophages during EMs are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T04:38:48Z","timestamp":1694493528000},"page":"1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Extracellular Vesicle\u2013Macrophage Regulatory Axis: A Novel Pathogenesis for Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17403-5","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"364","author":"Giudice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00389-5","article-title":"Endometriosis Is a Chronic Systemic Disease: Clinical Challenges and Novel Innovations","volume":"397","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00941-6","article-title":"Endometrial Epithelial Cells-Derived Exosomes Deliver microRNA-30c to Block the BCL9\/Wnt\/CD44 Signaling and Inhibit Cell Invasion and Migration in Ovarian Endometriosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"382","author":"Zondervan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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