{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:46:31Z","timestamp":1790729191485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":271,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review article, we embark on a thorough exploration of cannabinoids, compounds that have garnered considerable attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Initially, this article delves into the fundamental background of cannabinoids, emphasizing the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the human body and outlining their significance in studying neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Building on this foundation, this article categorizes cannabinoids into three main types: phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids), endocannabinoids (naturally occurring in the body), and synthetic cannabinoids (laboratory-produced cannabinoids). The intricate mechanisms through which these compounds interact with cannabinoid receptors and signaling pathways are elucidated. A comprehensive overview of cannabinoid pharmacology follows, highlighting their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their potential benefits in conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Huntington\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The potential antitumor properties of cannabinoids are also investigated, exploring their potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects. Clinical aspects are thoroughly discussed, from the viability of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents to current clinical trials, safety considerations, and the adverse effects observed. This review culminates in a discussion of promising future research avenues and the broader implications for cannabinoid-based therapies, concluding with a reflection on the immense potential of cannabinoids in modern medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T09:57:56Z","timestamp":1694685476000},"page":"1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Multifaceted Exploration of Types, Therapeutic Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Voicu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Psychopharmacology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Medical Section within the Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix-Mircea","family":"Brehar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, 041915 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corneliu","family":"Toader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razvan-Adrian","family":"Covache-Busuioc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Daniel","family":"Corlatescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8278-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Bordeianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horia Petre","family":"Costin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Gabriel","family":"Bratu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca-Andrei","family":"Glavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru Vlad","family":"Ciurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03576.x","article-title":"Anandamide, a Brain Endogenous Compound, Interacts Specifically with Cannabinoid Receptors and Inhibits Adenylate Cyclase","volume":"61","author":"Vogel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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