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Repurposing antiviral drugs, typically nucleoside analogs, has proven successful at inhibiting virus replication. This review summarizes current information regarding coronavirus classification and characterization and presents the broad clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed in different human cell types. It provides publicly available knowledge on the chemical nature of proposed therapeutics and their target biomolecules to assist in the identification of potentially new drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1695783858000},"page":"1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insights into COVID-19: Perspectives on Drug Remedies and Host Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamryn","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham F.","family":"Barghash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industries Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9271-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kakkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilkka","family":"Julkunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareem","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1727993","article-title":"Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\u2014Current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments","volume":"40","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. 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