{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:17:28Z","timestamp":1788999448065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq","award":["302791\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302791\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Faperj","award":["302791\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302791\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"Faperj","award":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Faperj","award":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute\/Fiocruz","award":["302791\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302791\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute\/Fiocruz","award":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.951\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute\/Fiocruz","award":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.341\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic patients are more affected by depression than non-diabetics, and this is related to greater treatment resistance and associated with poorer outcomes. This increase in the prevalence of depression in diabetics is also related to hyperglycemia and hypercortisolism. In diabetics, the hyperactivity of the HPA axis occurs in parallel to gut dysbiosis, weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier, and high bacterial-product translocation into the bloodstream. Diabetes also induces an increase in the permeability of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression behaviors and neuroinflammation are exacerbated in diabetic mice. In this context, we propose here that hypercortisolism, in association with gut dysbiosis, leads to an exacerbation of hippocampal neuroinflammation, glutamatergic transmission, and neuronal apoptosis, leading to the development and aggravation of depression and to resistance to treatment of this mood disorder in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of the Adrenal\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis on Comorbid Depressive Disorder Development in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thalita","family":"M\u00e1zala-de-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Teixeira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neuroci\u00eancias, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24210-201, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Campello-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neuroci\u00eancias, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24210-201, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Frias","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neuroci\u00eancias, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24210-201, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o\u2014INCT-NIM, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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