{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:40:43Z","timestamp":1773124843693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":282,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT) UNAM","award":["IN206622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN206622"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT) UNAM","award":["IV200121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IV200121"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT) UNAM","award":["AU-0042-20030616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AU-0042-20030616"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN206622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN206622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IV200121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IV200121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AU-0042-20030616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AU-0042-20030616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 patients can exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations affecting various organs and systems. Neurological symptoms have been reported in COVID-19 patients, both during the acute phase of the illness and in cases of long-term COVID. Moderate symptoms include ageusia, anosmia, altered mental status, and cognitive impairment, and in more severe cases can manifest as ischemic cerebrovascular disease and encephalitis. In this narrative review, we delve into the reported neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, as well as the underlying mechanisms contributing to them. These mechanisms include direct damage to neurons, inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein misfolding. We further investigate the potential of small molecules from natural products to offer neuroprotection in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Through our analysis, we discovered that flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other natural compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects by modulating signaling pathways known to be impacted by COVID-19. Some of these compounds also directly target SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Therefore, molecules of natural origin show promise as potential agents to prevent or mitigate nervous system damage in COVID-19 patients. Further research and the evaluation of different stages of the disease are warranted to explore their potential benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13111585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1698399772000},"page":"1585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neuroprotective Agents with Therapeutic Potential for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9sar A.","family":"Zaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Espitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen L.","family":"Reyes-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9717-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Velasco-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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