{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:05:21Z","timestamp":1791939921855,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. While the etiologies of AD and PD differ, both diseases share commonalities in synaptic dysfunction, thereby focusing attention on the role of neurotransmitters. The possible functions that platelets may play in neurodegenerative illnesses including PD and AD are becoming more acknowledged. In AD, platelets have been investigated for their ability to generate amyloid-\u00df (A\u00df) peptides, contributing to the formation of neurotoxic plaques. Moreover, platelets are considered biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. In PD, platelets have been studied for their involvement in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key factors in the disease\u2019s pathogenesis. Emerging research shows that platelets, which release glutamate upon activation, also play a role in these disorders. Decreased glutamate uptake in platelets has been observed in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s patients, pointing to a systemic dysfunction in glutamate handling. This paper aims to elucidate the critical role that glutamate receptors play in the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. Utilizing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, we reviewed how glutamate receptors dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative (ND) processes such as excitotoxicity, synaptic loss, and cognitive impairment. The paper also reviews all current medications including glutamate receptor antagonists for AD and PD, highlighting their mode of action and limitations. A deeper understanding of glutamate receptor involvement including its systemic regulation by platelets could open new avenues for more effective treatments, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13111609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1699008688000},"page":"1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Glutamate Receptor Dysregulation and Platelet Glutamate Dynamics in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases: Insights into Current Medications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Deepa","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"},{"name":"The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulhas P.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghna U.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh K.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5697-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rameshwar Nath","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Genetic controls balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorder models","volume":"2","author":"Gatto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. 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