{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:03:30Z","timestamp":1773252210895,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients\u2019 sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The methodology covered all major databases and all study types, but was restricted to polytraumatised humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1967 patients. Ten samples were taken from plasma and four from whole blood. There was no standardisation of methodology of NET detection among plasma studies; however, of all the papers that included a healthy control NET, proxies were increased. Polytrauma patients were consistently reported to have higher concentrations of NET markers in peripheral blood than those in healthy controls, but their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic utility is equivocal due to the diverse study population and methodology. After 20 years since the discovery of NETs, their natural history and potential clinical utility in polytrauma is undetermined, requiring further standardisation and research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13111625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:44:18Z","timestamp":1699317858000},"page":"1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Polytrauma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1570-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shevani","family":"Pothugunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Kosmider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Layla","family":"Bonomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9117-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle D.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Injury and Trauma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0277-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt J.","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Injury and Trauma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i96","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043494","article-title":"Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"26","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj. 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