{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:44:18Z","timestamp":1792597458356,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have already demonstrated the biocompatibility of a tooth as a grafting material in the regeneration of bone tissue, showing its osteoconductive potential, while no studies have verified whether the osteoinductive potential of a tooth remains constant or is altered after its treatment with the Tooth Transformer (TT) device. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the treatment with the TT device did not alter the osteoinductivity of an extracted tooth that was stored dry. Twelve extracted human teeth were collected from real patients. Caries, tartar and filling materials were removed from each tooth; each tooth was coarsely cut and stored at room temperature (RT) until use. Each sample was shredded, demineralized and disinfected, using the TT device. Protein extraction was carried out for each sample, and Western Blot analysis was performed to test the presence of mineralization protein LIM-1 and transforming growth factor-\u03b2. The presence of the human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) and human collagen Type I (COL-I) was found in dry tooth samples processed with the TT device and subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) testing. The treatment of chemical demineralization using the TT device does not alter the osteoinductive potential of a dry tooth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T07:44:42Z","timestamp":1701330282000},"page":"1727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Biological Evaluation of the Osteoinductive Potential of Dry Teeth after Chemical Demineralization Treatment Using the Tooth Transformer Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Franceschelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0715-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Lagioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Rovelli n\u00b048, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"De Cecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elio","family":"Minetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical, Dental Science, University of Milan, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ballini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Rovelli n\u00b048, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Panella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Grilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiberto","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Rovelli n\u00b048, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809551","article-title":"The emotional effects of tooth loss in edentulous people","volume":"184","author":"Fiske","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(72)90188-6","article-title":"The continuing reduction of the residual alveolar ridges in complete denture wearers: A mixed-longitudinal study covering 25 years","volume":"27","author":"Tallgren","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. 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