{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:48:15Z","timestamp":1760150895546,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBK.A411.23.066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A411.23.066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semen prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been proposed as an endogenous ligand for dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), which plays a critical immuno-modulating role in maintaining homeostasis in the female reproductive tracts. In the current study, we assumed that semen PAP bears a set of fucosylated and mannosylated glycans, which may mediate the efficient binding of PAP to DC-SIGN. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed ELISA assays using Galanthus nivalis and Lotus tetragonolobus lectins capable of binding mannose-containing glycans or LewisX and LewisY motifs, respectively. In our assay with Galanthus nivalis, we detected that the relative reactivity of PAP mannose-presenting glycans in the normozoospermic idiopathic group was significantly higher than in the asthenozoospermic, oligozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic groups. Simultaneously, we observed slight differences in the relative reactivities of PAP glycans with Lotus tetragonolobus lectin among groups of patients with abnormal semen parameters. Subsequently, we examined whether DC-SIGN interacts with seminal plasma PAP glycans, and we detected a significantly higher relative reactivity in the normozoospermic group compared to the oligozoospermic group. Finally, we concluded that the significantly aberrant abundance of mannosylated functional groups of PAP among patients with semen disorders can suggest that PAP may thereby be engaged in modulating the immune response and promoting a tolerogenic response to male antigens in the female reproductive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T10:01:06Z","timestamp":1704016866000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aberrant Mannosylated and Highly Fucosylated Glycoepitopes of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase as Potential Ligands for Dendritic-Cell Specific ICAM-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in Human Seminal Plasma\u2014A Step towards Explaining Idiopathic Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ka\u0142u\u017ca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2728-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Trz\u0119sicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INVICTA, Research and Development Center, Polna 64, 81-740 Sopot, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Drzyzga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INVICTA, Research and Development Center, Polna 64, 81-740 Sopot, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142awa","family":"Ferens-Sieczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.095","article-title":"Emerging roles of human prostatic Acid phosphatase","volume":"21","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., and Sharma, M. (2017). Basics of Human Andrology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3695-8"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.032","article-title":"Paradoxical increase of sperm motility and seminal carnitine associated with moderate leukocytospermia in infertile patients","volume":"90","author":"Ziyyat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. 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