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An effective vaccine against IB is urgently needed to provide both biosafety and high-efficiency immune protection. In this study, the S1 protein of the infectious bronchitis virus was delivered by a recombinant attenuated Salmonella\u00a0typhimurium vector to form the vaccine candidate \u03c711246(pYA4545-S1). S. typhimurium \u03c711246 carried a sifA\u2212 mutation with regulated delayed systems, striking a balance between host safety and immunogenicity. Here, we demonstrated that S1 protein is highly expressed in HD11 cells. Immunization with \u03c711246(pYA4545-S1) induced the production of antibody and cytokine, leading to an effective immune response against IB. Oral immunization with \u03c711246(pYA4545-S1) provided 72%, 56%, and 56% protection in the lacrimal gland, trachea, and cloaca against infectious bronchitis virus infection, respectively. Furthermore, it significantly reduced histopathological lesions in chickens. Together, this study provides a new idea for the prevention of IB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T03:50:22Z","timestamp":1705895422000},"page":"133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine Candidate Delivering Infectious Bronchitis Virus S1 Protein to Induce Protection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kaihui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zewei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Roy","family":"Curtiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huoying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.04.012","article-title":"Resiquimod enhances mucosal and systemic immunity against avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the chicken","volume":"119","author":"Matoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. 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