{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:52:00Z","timestamp":1789696320296,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2016-79015-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-79015-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FISS Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CTQ2016-79015-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-79015-R"]}]},{"name":"FISS Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}]},{"name":"FISS Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI15\/00601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00601"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund\/European Social Fund","award":["CTQ2016-79015-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-79015-R"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund\/European Social Fund","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund\/European Social Fund","award":["PI15\/00601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuropathological hallmarks, including \u03b2-amyloid (A\u03b2) plaques, Tau tangles, synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal iron (Fe) metabolism plays a role in AD pathogenesis, but the precise spatial distribution of the Fe and its transporters, such as ferroportin (FPN), within affected brain regions remains poorly understood. This study investigates the distribution of Fe and FPN in the CA1 region of the human hippocampus in AD patients with a micrometer lateral resolution using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). For this purpose, we visualized and quantified Fe and FPN in three separated CA1 layers: stratum molecular\u2013radial (SMR), stratum pyramidal (SP) and stratum oriens (SO). Additionally, chromogenic immunohistochemistry was used to examine the distribution and colocalization with Tau and A\u03b2 proteins. The results show that Fe accumulation was significantly higher in AD brains, particularly in SMR and SO. However, FPN did not present significantly changes in AD, although it showed a non-uniform distribution across CA1 layers, with elevated levels in SP and SO. Interestingly, minimal overlap was observed between Fe and FPN signals, and none between Fe and areas rich in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) or neuritic plaques (NP). In conclusion, the lack of correlation between Fe and FPN signals suggests complex regulatory mechanisms in AD Fe metabolism and deposition. These findings highlight the complexity of Fe dysregulation in AD and its potential role in disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T06:07:53Z","timestamp":1709273273000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Iron Dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: LA-ICP-MS Bioimaging of the Distribution of Iron and Ferroportin in the CA1 Region of the Human Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Junceda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Anatomo-Patolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias\u2013HUCA, Av Roma s\/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cruz-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pereiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, P., Ayton, S., and Bush, A.I. 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