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This study profiled tear PUFAs and their metabolites and examined the relationships with dry eye (DE) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) symptoms and signs. A total of 40 individuals with normal eyelids and corneal anatomies were prospectively recruited. The symptoms and signs of DE and MGD were assessed, and tear samples (from the right eye) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Mann\u2013Whitney U tests assessed differences between medians; Spearman tests assessed correlations between continuous variables; and linear regression models assessed the impact of potential confounders. The median age was 63 years; 95% were male; 30% were White; and 85% were non-Hispanic. The symptoms of DE\/MGD were not correlated with tear PUFAs and eicosanoids. DE signs (i.e., tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer\u2019s) negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12 DHET) and 14,15-dihydroxyicosatrienoic acid (14,15, DHET)). Corneal staining positively correlated with the anti-inflammatory PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). MGD signs significantly associated with the pro-inflammatory eicosanoid 15-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15-HETE) and DHA. Several relationships remained significant when potential confounders were considered. DE\/MGD signs relate more to tear PUFAs and eicosanoids than symptoms. Understanding the impact of PUFA-related metabolic pathways in DE\/MGD may provide targets for new therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1710914167000},"page":"376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Eicosanoids on Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9417-3353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simran","family":"Mangwani-Mordani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA"},{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Prislovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Chalfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anat","family":"Galor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA"},{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-7748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawajes","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA"},{"name":"Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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