{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:52:28Z","timestamp":1792007548298,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to be safe during gestation. Nevertheless, there are no robust data investigating the entity of maternal antibodies\u2019 transmission through the placenta to the newborn and the persistence of the antibodies in babies\u2019 serum. The objective of this study is to assess the maternal antibody transmission and kinetics among newborns in the first months of life. Women having received one or two doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccines during pregnancy at any gestational age, and their newborns, were recruited and followed-up over 9 months. Ninety-eight women and 103 babies were included. At birth, we observed a significant positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and a significant negative correlation between the time since last dose and antibody levels in mothers with two doses. Over the follow-up, the birth antibody level significantly decreased in time according to the received doses number at 3, 6, and 9 months. During the follow-up, we registered 34 dyad SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. The decreasing trend was slower in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and among breastfed non-infected babies. Antibodies from maternal anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are efficiently transferred via the placenta and potentially even through breast milk. Among newborns, antibodies show relevant durability in the first months of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14040435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["COVID-Vaccines in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Response over the First 9 Months after Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0829-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Proto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9765-5529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Agliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Renica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Giossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Senatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Di Ruscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vismara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6058-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Panetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u2019altrastatisticasrl, Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics Office, 00174 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8554-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Scaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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