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Neuronal and glial cells have been implicated. It has a genetic component but can also be triggered by environmental factors or drugs. For example, prenatal exposure to valproic acid or acetaminophen, or ingestion of propionic acid, can increase the risk of ASD. Recently, epigenetic influences on ASD have come to the forefront of investigations on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of this disorder. Epigenetics refers to DNA modifications that alter gene expression without making any changes to the DNA sequence. Although an increasing number of pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals are being implicated in the etiology of ASD, here, we specifically focus on the molecular influences of the abovementioned chemicals on epigenetic alterations in neuronal and glial cells and their potential connection to ASD. We conclude that a better understanding of these phenomena can lead to more effective interventions in ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14040437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Roles of Epigenetics and Glial Cells in Drug-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Antonei B.","family":"Csoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nacer","family":"El Kouhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5800-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruk","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2619-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Aschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-1842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef","family":"Tizabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1","article-title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years\u2014Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020","volume":"72","author":"Maenner","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill. 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