{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:37:24Z","timestamp":1790293044592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BL-1436\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BL-1436\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE-1878\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-1878\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sonnenfeld Foundation","award":["BL-1436\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BL-1436\/2-1"]}]},{"name":"Sonnenfeld Foundation","award":["PE-1878\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-1878\/3-1"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and the German Research Foundation","award":["BL-1436\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BL-1436\/2-1"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and the German Research Foundation","award":["PE-1878\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-1878\/3-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting a growing number of elderly people. In order to improve the early and differential diagnosis of AD, better biomarkers are needed. Glycosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is modulated in the course of many diseases, including neurodegeneration. Aiming to improve AD diagnosis and differential diagnosis through glycan analytics methods, we report the glycoprotein glycome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolated from a total study cohort of 262 subjects. The study cohort consisted of patients with AD, healthy controls and patients suffering from other types of dementia. CSF free-glycans were also isolated and analyzed in this study, and the results reported for the first time the presence of 19 free glycans in this body fluid. The free-glycans consisted of complete or truncated N-\/O-glycans as well as free monosaccharides. The free-glycans Hex1 and HexNAc1Hex1Neu5Ac1 were able to discriminate AD from controls and from patients suffering from other types of dementia. Regarding CSF N-glycosylation, high proportions of high-mannose, biantennary bisecting core-fucosylated N-glycans were found, whereby only about 20% of the N-glycans were sialylated. O-Glycans and free-glycan fragments were less sialylated in AD patients than in controls. To conclude, this comprehensive study revealed for the first time the biomarker potential of free glycans for the differential diagnosis of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14050512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T07:38:51Z","timestamp":1713944331000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Cerebrospinal Fluid Free-Glycans Hex1 and HexNAc1Hex1Neu5Ac1 as Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, R\u00fcdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Biskup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, R\u00fcdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola G.","family":"Schipke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Kochnowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa-Sophie","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, R\u00fcdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201515","article-title":"The role of amyloid beta in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"66","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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